1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-pyridin-4-ylurea, also known as **CPPU** (for **chlorophenylpyridinylurea**), is a **synthetic plant growth regulator** that exhibits **cytokinin-like activity**.
**Why is it important for research?**
* **Plant Growth and Development:** CPPU promotes cell division, shoot growth, and bud formation, similar to natural cytokinins. Researchers utilize it to investigate the roles of cytokinins in plant development, including:
* **Understanding the mechanisms of cell division and differentiation.**
* **Studying the role of cytokinins in plant tissue culture and micropropagation.**
* **Exploring strategies for enhancing plant growth and yield.**
* **Biotechnology:** CPPU is used in plant biotechnology for:
* **Inducing somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis.**
* **Developing new plant varieties with improved traits.**
* **Exploring the potential of genetic engineering for crop improvement.**
* **Agricultural Applications:** CPPU has potential agricultural applications, including:
* **Promoting fruit set and yield.**
* **Improving fruit quality.**
* **Reducing postharvest losses.**
* **Medicinal Chemistry:** CPPU has shown some biological activity in preliminary studies related to:
* **Anti-inflammatory properties.**
* **Antioxidant activity.**
* **Potential for cancer research.**
**It's important to note:**
* While CPPU shows promise in research, its agricultural use is still under investigation.
* There are ongoing efforts to optimize its formulation and application for different crops and growing conditions.
* The safety and environmental impact of CPPU need to be thoroughly evaluated before widespread commercial use.
**Research on CPPU continues to explore its potential for: **
* **Developing new, sustainable agricultural practices.**
* **Improving plant breeding and crop production.**
* **Understanding the complex mechanisms of plant growth and development.**
* **Discovering novel medicinal applications.**
Overall, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-pyridin-4-ylurea is a valuable research tool with potential applications in various fields, contributing to advancements in agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine.
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 4620841 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1383858 |
| CHEBI ID | 116283 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| smr000678207 |
| MLS001224626 |
| 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-pyridin-4-ylurea |
| STK415764 |
| CHEBI:116283 |
| AKOS003254535 |
| HMS2977I22 |
| 13208-37-2 |
| CHEMBL1383858 |
| Q27199141 |
| DTXSID201330208 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| ureas | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, Beta-lactamase | Escherichia coli K-12 | Potency | 1.2589 | 0.0447 | 17.8581 | 100.0000 | AID485294 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 26.8545 | 0.0072 | 15.7588 | 89.3584 | AID588342 |
| glp-1 receptor, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 0.0184 | 6.8060 | 14.1254 | AID624417 |
| ATAD5 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.0999 | 0.0041 | 10.8903 | 31.5287 | AID504467 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.9290 | 0.0008 | 11.3822 | 44.6684 | AID686979 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 89.1251 | 0.0060 | 26.1688 | 89.1251 | AID540317 |
| importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 100.0000 | 5.8048 | 36.1306 | 65.1308 | AID540263 |
| snurportin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 100.0000 | 5.8048 | 36.1306 | 65.1308 | AID540263 |
| Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 4.4668 | 8.3448 | 10.0000 | AID624291 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Process | via Protein(s) | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| hormone activity | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| protein binding | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| follicle-stimulating hormone activity | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release] | ||
| Process | via Protein(s) | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| extracellular region | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| extracellular space | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Golgi lumen | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| follicle-stimulating hormone complex | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| pituitary gonadotropin complex | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| extracellular space | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release] | ||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID504812 | Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID1745845 | Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID651635 | Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID504810 | Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1 (20.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3 (60.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (20.00) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (12.56) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 5 (100.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||