Interleukin-1 beta

An interleukin-1 beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P01584]

Synonyms

IL-1 beta;
Catabolin

Research

Bioassay Publications (1)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	1 (100.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Compounds (2)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
n-acetyltyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl aldehyde	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.0000	1	1
berkeleydione	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	4.4000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 5 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
cytokine activity	molecular function	The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. [ISBN:0198599471, PMID:11530802]
interleukin-1 receptor binding	molecular function	Binding to an interleukin-1 receptor. [GOC:go_curators]
integrin binding	molecular function	Binding to an integrin. [GOC:ceb]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
protein domain specific binding	molecular function	Binding to a specific domain of a protein. [GOC:go_curators]

Located In

This protein is located in 5 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
extracellular region	cellular component	The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators]
extracellular space	cellular component	That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684]
lysosome	cellular component	A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
secretory granule	cellular component	A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]

Active In

This protein is active in 1 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
extracellular space	cellular component	That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 89 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
fever generation	biological process	The heat generation process that results in a rise in body temperature above the normal, often as a response to infection. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl]
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. [GOC:hjd]
positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. [GOC:add]
apoptotic process	biological process	A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. [GOC:cjm, GOC:dhl, GOC:ecd, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:18846107, PMID:21494263]
inflammatory response	biological process	The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. [GO_REF:0000022, ISBN:0198506732]
immune response	biological process	Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add]
signal transduction	biological process	The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11]
JNK cascade	biological process	A MAPK cascade containing at least the JNK (MAPK8) MAP kinase. It starts with the activation of JUN3K (a MAPK3K), which activates JNKK a MAP2K), which in turn activates JNK. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The JNK cascade is activated by stress signals, as well as by G protein-coupled receptors, growth factors, and cytokines, and results in cellular responses such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation. [PMID:11790549, PMID:20811974, PMID:23125017]
cell-cell signaling	biological process	Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]
embryo implantation	biological process	Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining. [GOC:isa_complete, http://www.medterms.com]
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
response to carbohydrate	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus. [GOC:jl]
vascular endothelial growth factor production	biological process	The appearance of vascular endothelial growth factor production due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:rl]
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	biological process	Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]
positive regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	biological process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport	biological process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
smooth muscle adaptation	biological process	Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. [GOC:mtg_muscle]
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:19295629]
hyaluronan biosynthetic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
positive regulation of cell migration	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. [GOC:go_curators]
neutrophil chemotaxis	biological process	The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
sequestering of triglyceride	biological process	The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:dgh]
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of fever generation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation. [GOC:add]
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell. [GOC:mah]
response to lipopolysaccharide	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464]
positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of type II interferon production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. [GOC:add, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]
positive regulation of interleukin-2 production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production. [GOC:mah]
response to ATP	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus. [GOC:sl]
positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. [GOC:add]
ectopic germ cell programmed cell death	biological process	Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo. [PMID:12814944]
positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin light chain kinase activity. [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of T cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]
regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	biological process	Any process that modulates the canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade. [GOC:jl, PMID:12773372]
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade. [GOC:jl]
negative regulation of MAP kinase activity	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of angiogenesis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of lipid metabolic process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
positive regulation of complement activation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
positive regulation of JNK cascade	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. [GOC:bf]
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. [GOC:bf]
positive regulation of protein export from nucleus	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf]
astrocyte activation	biological process	A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:mgi_curators, PMID:10526094, PMID:10695728, PMID:12529254, PMID:12580336, PMID:9585813]
regulation of defense response to virus by host	biological process	Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph]
positive regulation of inflammatory response	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. [GOC:ai]
regulation of neurogenesis	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of neurogenesis	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. [GOC:ai]
regulation of insulin secretion	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of synaptic transmission	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. [GOC:ai]
defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	biological process	Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of lipid catabolic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. [GOC:ai]
regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	biological process	Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:15087454, PMID:15170030]
positive regulation of cell division	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production	biological process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]
positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	biological process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of adiponectin secretion	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. [GOC:add, ISBN:0121245462, ISBN:0896039986]
monocyte aggregation	biological process	The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules. [GOC:sl, PMID:12972508]
interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-1 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]
response to interleukin-1	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. [GOC:mah]
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	biological process	The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:15044679, PMID:20816705]
cellular response to interleukin-17	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus. [GOC:pr]
positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc]
positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade. [GOC:TermGenie]
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the non-canonical NF-kappaB cascade. [GOC:TermGenie]
positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. [GO:jl, GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie]
regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:als, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24851274]
negative regulation of gap junction assembly	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:25017399]
positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production. [GOC:obol]
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]