Fibroblast growth factor 2

A fibroblast growth factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09038]

Synonyms

FGF-2;
Basic fibroblast growth factor;
bFGF;
Heparin-binding growth factor 2;
HBGF-2

Research

Bioassay Publications (3)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	3 (100.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Compounds (3)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
tivozanib	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0709	1	4

Drugs with Activation Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
phosphomannopentaose sulfate	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.0610	1	1
pg 545	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.3900	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 11 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
fibroblast growth factor receptor binding	molecular function	Binding to a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). [GOC:ceb]
cytokine activity	molecular function	The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. [ISBN:0198599471, PMID:11530802]
integrin binding	molecular function	Binding to an integrin. [GOC:ceb]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
growth factor activity	molecular function	The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation. [ISBN:0815316194]
heparin binding	molecular function	Binding to heparin, a member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
chemokine binding	molecular function	Binding to a chemokine. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria. [GOC:ai, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, PMID:12183377, Wikipedia:Chemokine]
nuclear receptor coactivator activity	molecular function	A transcription coactivator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
chemoattractant activity	molecular function	Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
identical protein binding	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl]
receptor-receptor interaction	molecular function	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of two or more different receptor complexes that individually undergo combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to form a higher level receptor complex. The formation of the higher level complex initiates a change in cell function. [GOC:dox, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, PMID:22035699, PMID:24157794]

Located In

This protein is located in 2 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
extracellular region	cellular component	The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators]
extracellular space	cellular component	That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684]

Active In

This protein is active in 3 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
extracellular space	cellular component	That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684]
cytoplasm	cellular component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 81 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
osteoblast differentiation	biological process	The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. [CL:0000062, GO_REF:0000034, GOC:jid]
branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	biological process	The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. [GOC:dph, PMID:16916378]
organ induction	biological process	The interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ. [ISBN:0878932437]
endothelial cell proliferation	biological process	The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:add]
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	biological process	The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis. [PMID:16391003]
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. [GOC:dph]
transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH, ISBN:0321000382]
chemotaxis	biological process	The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). [ISBN:0198506732]
signal transduction	biological process	The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11]
Ras protein signal transduction	biological process	An intracellular signaling cassette in which a small monomeric GTPase of the Ras subfamily relays a signal. [GOC:bf]
nervous system development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. [GOC:dgh]
neuroblast proliferation	biological process	The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sart]
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:ceb]
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mtg_sensu]
glial cell differentiation	biological process	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	biological process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of fibroblast migration	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta. [GOC:ef, GOC:mtg_muscle, PMID:16607119]
substantia nigra development	biological process	The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis). [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343, ISBN:0878937420]
cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation	biological process	The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to granule cells. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:15157725]
positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation	biological process	The process that activates or increases the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:15157725]
hyaluronan catabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
lung development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0002048]
paracrine signaling	biological process	The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other. [GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11, ISBN:3527303782]
wound healing	biological process	The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. [GOC:bf, PMID:15269788]
inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation	biological process	The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell. [CL:0000201, GOC:jl]
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. [GOC:go_curators]
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	biological process	An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation, production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), activation of PDK1, which recruits and ending with the activation of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt). PI3K is activated by cell surface receptors. Note that PTEN is an inhibitor of the pathway. [PMID:20517722, PMID:22952397]
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]
regulation of angiogenesis	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of angiogenesis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]
embryonic morphogenesis	biological process	The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]
response to axon injury	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]
stem cell development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate. [CL:0000034, GOC:isa_complete]
positive chemotaxis	biological process	The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical. [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, GOC:isa_complete]
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	biological process	The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment. [GOC:dph, GOC:hjd, GOC:mtg_lung, PMID:1814929]
regulation of cell cycle	biological process	Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of cell division	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. [GOC:dph, GOC:rph]
canonical Wnt signaling pathway	biological process	A type of Wnt signaling pathway in which Wnt binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell results in the by propagation of the molecular signals via beta-catenin, and end with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. [PMID:11532397, PMID:19619488]
corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation	biological process	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin. [GOC:dph]
thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation	biological process	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin. [GOC:dph]
chondroblast differentiation	biological process	The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes. [GOC:dph]
mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation	biological process	The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland. [GOC:dph]
angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis	biological process	Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. [GOC:mtg_heart]
negative regulation of wound healing	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. [GOC:dph]
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	biological process	A MAPK cascade containing at least the ERK1 or ERK2 MAP kinases. It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and of ERK1 or ERK2. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier. The ERK1/ERK2 cascade is activated by mitogens, growth factors, G protein-coupled receptors, and results in cellular responses such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation and development. [PMID:20811974, PMID:23125017, PMID:28903453]
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. [GOC:mah]
stem cell proliferation	biological process	The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	biological process	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:rl, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. [GOC:tb]
positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:mr, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:17592637]
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24699545]
positive regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:mr, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:16916506]
positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:16756958]
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23246467]
lymphatic endothelial cell migration	biological process	The orderly movement of a lymphatic endothelial cell from one site to another in the wall of a lymphatic vessel. [GO_REF:0000091, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:25745057]
positive regulation of epithelial tube formation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:bhm, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:25745997]
positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:nc, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23201774]
regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor. [GOC:obol]
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor. [GOC:obol]
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. [GOC:obol]
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. [GOC:dph]
positive regulation of stem cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. [GOC:dph]
positive regulation of stem cell differentiation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. [GOC:obol]
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis. [GOC:BHF]
regulation of cell migration	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
animal organ morphogenesis	biological process	Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:dgh, GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0471245208, ISBN:0721662544]
cell differentiation	biological process	The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. [ISBN:0198506732]
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]