Page last updated: 2024-12-11

2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)benzothiazole

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Description

## 2-(4-(Dimethylamino)styryl)benzothiazole: A Fluorescent Dye with Research Applications

**2-(4-(Dimethylamino)styryl)benzothiazole**, also known as **DST**, is an organic compound belonging to the **styryl dye** family. Its molecular structure consists of a benzothiazole ring linked to a styryl group containing a dimethylamino substituent. This specific arrangement gives DST several key properties:

* **Strong fluorescence:** DST exhibits bright fluorescence, particularly in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum. This makes it suitable for various fluorescence-based techniques.
* **Photostability:** DST is relatively resistant to photobleaching, which means it can be used for long-term imaging and experiments.
* **Solvatochromism:** DST's fluorescence emission wavelength shifts depending on the solvent polarity, which makes it useful for studying solvent properties and environmental changes.

**Research Importance:**

DST has found applications in a variety of research fields, including:

* **Bioimaging:** Its fluorescence properties allow visualization of cellular structures and processes, such as protein localization, membrane dynamics, and DNA binding.
* **Sensing:** DST's sensitivity to environmental changes, like pH and solvent polarity, makes it a valuable tool for developing sensors for various analytes.
* **Materials Science:** DST can be incorporated into polymer matrices or used as a probe for investigating the properties of different materials.
* **Photodynamic Therapy:** DST's ability to absorb light and generate reactive oxygen species makes it a potential candidate for photodynamic therapy applications.

**Beyond DST:**

DST is just one example of a styryl dye with research potential. Many other derivatives and analogs of this compound exist, each with unique properties and applications. For example, **thiazole orange** is another styryl dye used for DNA staining and visualization.

**Overall:**

2-(4-(Dimethylamino)styryl)benzothiazole is a versatile fluorescent dye with a wide range of applications in research, particularly in fields like bioimaging, sensing, and materials science. Its strong fluorescence, photostability, and sensitivity to environmental changes make it a powerful tool for studying various phenomena at the molecular and cellular levels.

2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)benzothiazole: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5378081
CHEMBL ID565657
SCHEMBL ID476578
MeSH IDM0548103

Synonyms (55)

Synonym
144528-14-3
trans-2-(4-dimethylamino)styryl)benzothiazole
BIDD:GT0364
unii-151j9iy8by
151j9iy8by ,
benzenamine, 4-[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)ethenyl]-n,n-dimethyl-
smr000184633
MLS000573782 ,
4-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)vinyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline
nsc 402471
einecs 216-622-2
4-(2-(2-benzothiazol-2-yl)vinyl)-n,n-dimethylaniline
2-(p-(dimethylamino)styryl)benzothiazole
p-dimethylaminostyrylbenzothiazole
benzenamine, 4-(2-(2-benzothiazolyl)ethenyl)-n,n-dimethyl-
2-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)benzothiazole
hsdb 5844
benzothiazole, 2-(p-(dimethylamino)styryl)-
2-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)benzothiazole
nsc-402471
1628-58-6
wln: t56 bn dsj c1u1r dn1&1
benzothiazole, 2-[p-(dimethylamino)styryl]-
nsc402471
4-[(e)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline
STK396496
AKOS000507399
CHEMBL565657 ,
NCGC00184126-05
NCGC00184126-08
NCGC00184126-03
NCGC00184126-01
NCGC00184126-02
NCGC00184126-07
NCGC00184126-06
NCGC00184126-04
HMS2387E08
[4-((1e)-2-benzothiazol-2-ylvinyl)phenyl]dimethylamine
trans-2-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]benzothiazole
2-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)benzothiazole [hsdb]
2N-547S
SCHEMBL476578
cid_5378081
4-[(e)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]-n,n-dimethyl-aniline
[4-[(e)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)vinyl]phenyl]-dimethyl-amine
bdbm52401
MVMOMSLTZMMLJR-FMIVXFBMSA-N
p-(dimethylamino)styrylbenzothiazole
4-(2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl)-n,n-dimethylaniline
2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)benzothiazole
4-[2-(2-benzothiazol-2-yl)vinyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline
Q27251670
CS-0357403
(e)-4-(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)vinyl)-n,n-dimethylaniline
Z46082839
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (39)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.95260.631035.7641100.0000AID504339
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency31.62280.002014.677939.8107AID1476
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency0.10690.007215.758889.3584AID588342
acid sphingomyelinaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118914.125424.061339.8107AID504937
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.89120.01846.806014.1254AID624172; AID624417
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.78530.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.95260.180013.557439.8107AID1460
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.58930.00527.809829.0929AID588855
PINK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency42.23952.818418.895944.6684AID624263
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency2.81840.00018.4406100.0000AID720580
luciferasePhoturis pensylvanica (Pennsylania firefly)Potency11.22020.891310.432820.5750AID1379
ParkinHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.23950.819914.830644.6684AID624263
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.707936.904389.1251AID504333
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.09290.005210.865235.4813AID686970
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.006026.168889.1251AID540317
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.35640.00419.984825.9290AID504444
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.62285.804836.130665.1308AID540253
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.133725.412989.1251AID588795
ras-related protein Rab-9AHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.08910.00022.621531.4954AID485297
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.62285.804836.130665.1308AID540253
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency95.28340.425612.059128.1838AID504891
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.62285.804816.996225.9290AID540253
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency89.12510.050127.073689.1251AID588590
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency2.14870.00798.23321,122.0200AID2546; AID2551
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.50240.004611.374133.4983AID624296; AID624297
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.031622.3146100.0000AID588579
VprHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Potency25.11891.584919.626463.0957AID651644
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.95260.125912.234435.4813AID1458
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.22020.058010.694926.6086AID602310
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.025911.239831.6228AID602313
Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.51890.56239.398525.1189AID652106
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)20.36301.15306.28039.9630AID602235
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1)IC50 (µMol)19.80000.94604.70169.4870AID602236
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.14760.14764.33099.9200AID602234
Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00230.00010.08560.8900AID445593
Insulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.20000.00170.847910.0000AID644391
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
POsterior SegregationCaenorhabditis elegansEC50 (µMol)300.00002.201047.1808186.6810AID1964
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)300.00000.082031.0243168.9080AID1960
Zinc finger protein mex-5Caenorhabditis elegansEC50 (µMol)300.00000.082033.5679168.9080AID1960
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (195)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
regulation of gene expressionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cognitionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
suckling behaviorAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation involved in immune responseAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of translationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular copper ion homeostasisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endocytosisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathwayAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
axonogenesisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
learning or memoryAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
learningAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
mating behaviorAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
axo-dendritic transportAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expressionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
microglia developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
axon midline choice point recognitionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron remodelingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of Wnt signaling pathwayAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organizationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
forebrain developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine productionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 productionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathwayAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of multicellular organism growthAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron differentiationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic processAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of JNK cascadeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
collateral sprouting in absence of injuryAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse structure or activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
synapse organizationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular process controlling balanceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junctionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein metabolic processAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potentialAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathwayAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmissionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolic mRNA polyadenylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-betaAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assemblyAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid fibril formationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection maintenanceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell migrationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
central nervous system developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activityInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor internalizationInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesisInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated endocytosisInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
learningInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
memoryInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathwayInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epidermis developmentInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
male gonad developmentInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
male sex determinationInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adrenal gland developmentInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
exocrine pancreas developmentInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase activityInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase B activityInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulusInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasisInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassemblyInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic processInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic processInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic processInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear divisionInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of embryonic developmentInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucose importInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylationInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of developmental growthInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of meiotic cell cycleInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of respiratory burstInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to growth factor stimulusInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine maintenanceInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta clearanceInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection maintenanceInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of female gonad developmentInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathwayInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism developmentInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of kinase activityInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
monoamine transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
response to painSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptakeSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neutral lipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron(II) ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of phospholipase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of glutamate secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle primingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmembrane transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of microtubule polymerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein destabilizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to magnesium ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of monooxygenase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to type II interferonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stressAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of macrophage activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to copper ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinoneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to cell peripheryAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synapse organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (58)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
heparin bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
transition metal ion bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
receptor ligand activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
PTB domain bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activator activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activityInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor activityInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor receptor bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
GTP bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor I bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor II bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cargo receptor activityInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
insulin bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor substrate bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
PTB domain bindingInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
actin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
beta-tubulin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase D inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
kinesin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
histone bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dynein complex bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cuprous ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (64)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular spaceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
early endosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
smooth endoplasmic reticulumAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated pitAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junctionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
axonAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
growth coneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junctionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endosome lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
ciliary rootletAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaftAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
perikaryonAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
membrane raftAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
apical part of cellAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
synapseAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zoneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
spindle midzoneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
receptor complexAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
early endosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
membrane raftAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelopeInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear lumenInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomeInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
late endosomeInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endosome membraneInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite membraneInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membraneInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor complexInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor complexInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axonInsulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
axonSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cell cortexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeletonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
inclusion bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
growth coneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
postsynapseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiberAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (17)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID445593Binding affinity to Beta amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer's disease patient brain by competitive binding assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
18F stilbenes and styrylpyridines for PET imaging of A beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease: a miniperspective.
AID644391Displacement of thioflavin T from insulin receptor by thioflavin-T fluorescent dye assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
QSAR studies for prediction of cross-β sheet aggregate binding affinity and selectivity.
AID644390Displacement of thioflavin-T from amyloid beta (1 to 40) aggregates by thioflavin-T fluorescent dye assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
QSAR studies for prediction of cross-β sheet aggregate binding affinity and selectivity.
AID644392Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for amyloid beta (1 to 40) to IC50 for insulin receptor2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
QSAR studies for prediction of cross-β sheet aggregate binding affinity and selectivity.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (8)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's1 (12.50)29.6817
2010's6 (75.00)24.3611
2020's1 (12.50)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.07

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.07 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.20 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.27 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.07)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other8 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]