Endosulfan sulfate is a persistent organochlorine insecticide that is produced by the hydrolysis of endosulfan, a broad-spectrum insecticide that was widely used in agriculture. Endosulfan sulfate is a highly toxic compound, and its effects on humans and the environment are well-documented. It is known to accumulate in the environment and food chain, posing a significant risk to human health and ecosystems. Endosulfan sulfate can cause a range of health problems, including neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reproductive issues. It is also a known carcinogen in humans. Due to its high toxicity and persistence in the environment, endosulfan and its metabolites, including endosulfan sulfate, have been banned in many countries, including the European Union and the United States. However, it is still widely used in some developing countries. Extensive research on endosulfan sulfate focuses on its environmental fate, toxicology, and human health impacts, as well as strategies for its mitigation and remediation. Studies aim to understand its persistence in soil and water, its bioaccumulation in organisms, its effects on wildlife and human health, and the development of effective technologies for its removal from the environment. The continued research into endosulfan sulfate is vital for safeguarding human health and ecosystems from the adverse effects of this potent insecticide.'
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 13940 |
| CHEMBL ID | 2272380 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 630451 |
| MeSH ID | M0540662 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 1031-07-8 |
| 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro- 6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3,3-dioxide |
| 6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3,3-dioxide |
| 5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-, cyclic sulfate |
| 5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachoro-, cyclic |
| (1r, 9s)-1,9,10,11,12,12,-hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5-tiatricyclododec-10-ene-5,5-dioxide |
| endosulphan sulphate |
| endosulfan sulfate |
| NCGC00248167-01 |
| endosulfan sulphate |
| cas-1031-07-8 |
| dtxcid1017541 |
| NCGC00254686-01 |
| dtxsid3037541 , |
| tox21_300782 |
| SCHEMBL630451 |
| CHEMBL2272380 |
| AAPVQEMYVNZIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| endosulfan tp |
| endosulfan metabolite |
| 6749-25-3 |
| 1,9,10,11,12,12-hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5lambda6-thiatricyclo[7.2.1.02,8]dodec-10-ene 5,5-dioxide |
| CS-0064099 |
| HY-117179 |
| AKOS040744233 |
Endosulfan sulfate is a major oxidized metabolite of the organochlorine insecticide endos sulfuran. It exhibits a similar toxicity to endosulfans.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Endosulfan sulfate is a major oxidized metabolite of the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan, and it exhibits a similar toxicity to endosulfan." | ( Metabolite identification and profile of endosulfan sulfate in three human liver preparations using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Choi, WG; Kim, JH; Kong, TY; Lee, HK; Lee, HS; Lee, YS; Shin, Y, 2020) | 1.55 |
| "Endosulfan sulfate is a persistent environmental metabolite of endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide-acaricide presently registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. " | ( Acute toxicity and effects analysis of endosulfan sulfate to freshwater fish species. Carriger, JF; Castro, J; Gardinali, PR; Hoang, TC; Rand, GM, 2011) | 2.08 |
Endosulfan is enlisted as one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and exists in the form of its α and β isomers in the environment. Gas-liquid-chromatography documented the presence of both α- and β-isomers of endos sulfuran along with the toxic metabolite endosulfAn sulfate (ESS) in the HK of exposed fishes.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Endosulfan is enlisted as one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and exists in the form of its α and β isomers in the environment as well as in the form of endosulfan sulfate, a toxic metabolite." | ( Endosulfan isomers and sulfate metabolite induced reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans involves genotoxic response genes. Dai, H; Du, H; Hong, W; Nie, Y; Wang, J; Wang, M; Weng, N; Xu, A, 2015) | 0.61 |
| " Gas-liquid-chromatography documented the presence of both α- and β-isomers of endosulfan along with the toxic metabolite endosulfan sulfate (ESS) in the HK of exposed fishes." | ( Inducible headkidney cytochrome P450 contributes to endosulfan immunotoxicity in walking catfish Clarias gariepinus. Khatri, P; Kumari, U; Mazumder, S; N, S; Shelly, A; Singh, DK; Srivastava, N, 2016) | 0.64 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 39.9149 | 0.0072 | 15.7588 | 89.3584 | AID1224835 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 20.5105 | 0.0060 | 38.0041 | 19,952.5996 | AID1159521; AID1159523 |
| SMAD family member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.9662 | 0.1737 | 34.3047 | 61.8120 | AID1346859 |
| SMAD family member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.9662 | 0.1737 | 34.3047 | 61.8120 | AID1346859 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.3060 | 0.0007 | 14.5928 | 83.7951 | AID1259392 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 46.4761 | 0.0002 | 21.2231 | 8,912.5098 | AID1259243; AID1259247; AID743035; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.3060 | 0.0006 | 57.9133 | 22,387.1992 | AID1259377 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.2248 | 0.0010 | 22.6508 | 76.6163 | AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.6379 | 0.0004 | 17.9460 | 75.1148 | AID1346795 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.3739 | 0.0002 | 14.3764 | 60.0339 | AID720692 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 57.2155 | 0.0030 | 41.6115 | 22,387.1992 | AID1159552; AID1159555 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.4548 | 0.0008 | 17.5051 | 59.3239 | AID1159527; AID1159531 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.7338 | 0.0015 | 30.6073 | 15,848.9004 | AID1224841; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.9410 | 0.3758 | 27.4851 | 61.6524 | AID743217 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 21.6899 | 0.0054 | 28.0263 | 1,258.9301 | AID1346982 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 52.4527 | 0.0002 | 29.3054 | 16,493.5996 | AID1259244; AID1259248; AID743069; AID743075; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 36.3772 | 0.0237 | 23.2282 | 63.5986 | AID743222; AID743241 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.4827 | 0.0017 | 23.8393 | 78.1014 | AID743083 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.4967 | 0.0016 | 28.0151 | 77.1139 | AID1224843; AID1224895; AID1259385; AID1259395 |
| nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.9410 | 19.7391 | 45.9784 | 64.9432 | AID1159509 |
| v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.2789 | 0.0578 | 21.1097 | 61.2679 | AID1159526; AID1159528 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 46.7640 | 0.0003 | 23.4451 | 159.6830 | AID743065; AID743067 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 58.2929 | 0.0420 | 27.3789 | 61.6448 | AID743210; AID743228 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.4587 | 0.0006 | 27.2152 | 1,122.0200 | AID743202; AID743219 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 54.4827 | 0.0015 | 57.7890 | 15,848.9004 | AID1259244 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.3060 | 0.0023 | 19.5956 | 74.0614 | AID651631 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 54.4827 | 0.0015 | 51.7393 | 15,848.9004 | AID1259244 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1102183 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) stem after 1 to 15 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102180 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) stem after 16 to 59 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102175 | Octanol-water partition coefficient, log KOW of the compound | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102173 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit peel after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102176 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) root after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102181 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) root after 1 to 15 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102177 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) stem after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102179 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) leaves after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102184 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) leaves after 1 to 15 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102170 | Root bioconcentration factor assessed as compound concentration in tomato plant dry mass to compound concentration in soil dry mass after 60 to 151 days post germination | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102174 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit flesh after 60 to 151 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102182 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) leaves after 16 to 59 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102171 | Root bioconcentration factor assessed as compound concentration in tomato plant dry mass to compound concentration in soil dry mass after 16 to 59 days post germination | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102178 | Drug uptake in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) root after 16 to 59 days post germination by GC-ECD analysis | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| AID1102172 | Root bioconcentration factor assessed as compound concentration in tomato plant dry mass to compound concentration in soil dry mass after 1 to 15 days post germination | 2003 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 51, Issue:5 | Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops from organic production. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (1.67) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 4 (6.67) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 49 (81.67) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 6 (10.00) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (36.48) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1 (1.67%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 59 (98.33%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||