Compounds > physalin f
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

physalin f

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth

Description

physalin F: has immunosuppressive activity; from Physalis angulata L; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

physalin F : A physalin with antimalarial and antitumour activities isolated from Physalis angulata. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
PhysalisgenusA plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain physalin and withangulatin.[MeSH]SolanaceaeA plant family of the order SOLANALES, class MAGNOLIOPSIDA. Among the most noted are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.[MeSH]
Physalis angulataspecies[no description available]SolanaceaeA plant family of the order SOLANALES, class MAGNOLIOPSIDA. Among the most noted are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID49864133
CHEMBL ID1215434
CHEBI ID69019
MeSH IDM0203253

Synonyms (7)

Synonym
chebi:69019 ,
CHEMBL1215434
physalin f
5beta,6beta-epoxy-5,6-dihydrophysalin b
bdbm50378033
5,6-epxoyphysalin b
Q27137363

Research Excerpts

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" A synergistic effect was observed when the suboptimal dosage of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to the culture."( Immunomodulatory activity of various fractions derived from Physalis angulata L extract.
Chiang, HC; Hone, E; Kan, WS; Lin, YS; Shih, SJ; Won, MH, 1992)		0.28
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

RoleDescription
antimalarialA drug used in the treatment of malaria. Antimalarials are usually classified on the basis of their action against Plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human.
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
antileishmanial agentAn antiprotozoal drug used to treat or prevent infections caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania.
apoptosis inducerAny substance that induces the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
immunosuppressive agentAn agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
enoneAn alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.
lactoneAny cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
physalinAny seco-steroid based on a 13,14-seco-16,24-cycloergostane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. These phytochemicals form the major steroidal constituents of Physalis plants and exhibit antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity.
epoxy steroidAny steroid whose structure includes an epoxy group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Zinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.66000.62002.54507.1000AID351770
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (56)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
osteoblast differentiationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
smoothened signaling pathwayZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
spermatid developmentZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
ventral midline developmentZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smoothened signaling pathwayZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
response to woundingZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal cell differentiationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
dorsal/ventral pattern formationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
proximal/distal pattern formationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellar cortex morphogenesisZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
pituitary gland developmentZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
lung developmentZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
prostate gland developmentZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of osteoblast differentiationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replicationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathwayZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
digestive tract morphogenesisZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
notochord regressionZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
liver regenerationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transitionZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hepatocyte proliferationZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activityNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathwayNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaBNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol effluxNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storageNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathwayNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to muramyl dipeptideNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathwayNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to muscle stretchNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferationNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNANF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiationNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Notch signaling pathwayNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IINF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell receptor signaling pathwayNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein metabolic processNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase IINF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to coldNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathwayNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathwayNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathwayNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factorNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (18)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule bindingZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear localization sequence bindingNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB bindingNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein sequestering activityNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
molecular sequestering activityNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator inhibitor activityNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (10)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytoplasmZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
axonemeZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary tipZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary baseZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
GLI-SUFU complexZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusZinc finger protein GLI1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complexNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolNF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (66)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID351770Inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription expressed in human PANC1 cells2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID291870Antitumor activity against human KB-VIN cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID380124Induction of apoptosis in human Jurkat T cells assessed as sub-G0/G1 fraction at 1 uM after 24 hrs by flow cytometry2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID1171133Antiinflammatory activity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in hyperalgesia at 100 mg/kg, ip dosed 40 mins before CFA injection and measured 2 hrs post CFA stimulus2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID324887Antiproliferative activity against human HCT8 cells2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 16, Issue:4
Trypanocidal activity of a new pterocarpan and other secondary metabolites of plants from Northeastern Brazil flora.
AID1171123Antinociceptive activity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as inhibition of formalin-induced early phase pain response at 50 to 100 mg/kg, ip dosed 40 mins before formalin injection2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID380118Inhibition of PMA-induced NF-kappaB activation in human HeLa cells at 2 uM after 7 hrs by IL6/luciferase reporter gene assay relative to untreated control2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID1171134Antiinflammatory activity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in hyperalgesia at 100 mg/kg, ip dosed 40 mins before CFA injection and measured 4 to 6 hrs post CFA stimulus2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID324885Cytotoxicity against human PBL cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 16, Issue:4
Trypanocidal activity of a new pterocarpan and other secondary metabolites of plants from Northeastern Brazil flora.
AID291865Antitumor activity against human DU145 cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID623330Selectivity index, ratio of LC50 for mouse splenocytes to IC50 for chloroquine-resistant and mefloquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum W22011Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10
Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G.
AID1171130CNS toxicity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as effect on motor performance at 100 mg/kg, ip after 40 mins by open field test2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID291873Antitumor activity against human HCT8 cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID1171147Antinociceptive activity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as increase in latency time at 100 mg/kg, ip measured after 0.5 to 2 hrs by hot plate test2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID1171136Antiinflammatory activity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in paw edema at 50 to 100 mg/kg, ip dosed 40 mins before CFA injection and measured 2 to 4 hrs post CFA stimulus2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID324884Trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi Berenice after 72 hrs2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 16, Issue:4
Trypanocidal activity of a new pterocarpan and other secondary metabolites of plants from Northeastern Brazil flora.
AID623331Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected in mouse assessed as reduction of parasitemia level at 50 to 100 mg/kg, ip qd for 4 days by optical microscopy analysis2011Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10
Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G.
AID500080Induction of nuclear translocation of YFP-fused GRalpha in human COS7 cells2010Journal of natural products, Aug-27, Volume: 73, Issue:8
Activity of physalin F in a collagen-induced arthritis model.
AID380121Induction of apoptosis in human Jurkat T cells assessed as sub-G0/G1 fraction at 1 uM after 6 hrs by flow cytometry2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID1171122Antinociceptive activity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as inhibition of formalin-induced late phase pain response at 50 to 100 mg/kg, ip dosed 40 mins before formalin injection2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID500073Antiinflammatory activity against collagen-induced arthritis in po dosed mouse assessed as inhibition of paw edema at 20 mg/kg, po after 20 days2010Journal of natural products, Aug-27, Volume: 73, Issue:8
Activity of physalin F in a collagen-induced arthritis model.
AID500079Immunomodulatory activity in mouse assessed as reduction in ovalbumin-induced TH2 cytokine secretion by ELISA2010Journal of natural products, Aug-27, Volume: 73, Issue:8
Activity of physalin F in a collagen-induced arthritis model.
AID380114Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID623328Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant and mefloquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in human O-positive erythrocytes assessed as inhibition of parasite growth by [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation assay2011Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10
Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G.
AID380128Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 7 hrs2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID623329Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse splenocytes assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs by beta counting2011Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10
Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G.
AID380125Induction of apoptosis in human Jurkat T cells assessed as sub-G0/G1 fraction at 10 uM after 24 hrs by flow cytometry2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID760306Inhibition of TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB activation (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells pretreated 30 mins before TNFalpha addition after 7 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2013ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-08, Volume: 4, Issue:8
Contribution of Cage-Shaped Structure of Physalins to Their Mode of Action in Inhibition of NF-κB Activation.
AID509548Antagonist activity at hedgehog receptor2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 18, Issue:18
Modulators of the hedgehog signaling pathway.
AID351776Selectivity for human PANC1 cells over mouse C3H10/T1/2 cells2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID1171145Antinociceptive activity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as increase in reaction time at 100 mg/kg, ip measured after 3 hrs by tail flick test2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID1171129CNS toxicity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as effect on motor performance at 100 mg/kg, ip after 40 mins by rotarod test2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID291866Antitumor activity against human 1A9 cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID380119Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in human Jurkat 5.1 cells preincubated for 30 mins measured after 6 hrs by HIV1-LTR luciferase assay2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID500077Immunomodulatory activity in ip dosed mouse lung assessed as reduction of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid2010Journal of natural products, Aug-27, Volume: 73, Issue:8
Activity of physalin F in a collagen-induced arthritis model.
AID324888Antiproliferative activity against human CEM cells2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 16, Issue:4
Trypanocidal activity of a new pterocarpan and other secondary metabolites of plants from Northeastern Brazil flora.
AID1171142Reduction in IL1-beta level in Swiss Webster mouse 100 mg/kg, ip dosed 40 mins before CFA injection and measured 3 hrs post CFA stimulus by ELISA method2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID291867Antitumor activity against human HCT116 cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID380115Inhibition of PMA-induced NF-kappaB activation in human HeLa cells at 16 uM after 7 hrs by IL6/luciferase reporter gene assay2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID291875Antitumor activity against human ZR751 cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID380117Inhibition of PMA-induced NF-kappaB activation in human HeLa cells at 4 uM after 7 hrs by IL6/luciferase reporter gene assay relative to untreated control2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID324886Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16 cells2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 16, Issue:4
Trypanocidal activity of a new pterocarpan and other secondary metabolites of plants from Northeastern Brazil flora.
AID291871Antitumor activity against human A431 cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID380127Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells at 100 uM2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID324889Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 16, Issue:4
Trypanocidal activity of a new pterocarpan and other secondary metabolites of plants from Northeastern Brazil flora.
AID291872Antitumor activity against human A549 cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID380122Induction of apoptosis in human Jurkat T cells assessed as sub-G0/G1 fraction at 10 uM after 6 hrs by flow cytometry2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID760305Inhibition of TNFalpha-induced IkappaBalpha (unknown origin) phosphorylation expressed in human HeLa cells pretreated 30 mins before TNFalpha addition measured up to 120 mins by ELISA in presence of proteasome inhibitor MG-1322013ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-08, Volume: 4, Issue:8
Contribution of Cage-Shaped Structure of Physalins to Their Mode of Action in Inhibition of NF-κB Activation.
AID380126Induction of apoptosis in human Jurkat T cells assessed as sub-G0/G1 fraction at 20 uM after 24 hrs by flow cytometry2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID351775Selectivity for Gli over Gli22009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID1171141Reduction in TNFalpha level in Swiss Webster mouse 100 mg/kg, ip dosed 40 mins before CFA injection and measured 3 hrs post CFA stimulus by ELISA method2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID500075Immunomodulatory activity in mouse assessed as inhibition of allergic airway inflammation at 60 mg/kg, ip2010Journal of natural products, Aug-27, Volume: 73, Issue:8
Activity of physalin F in a collagen-induced arthritis model.
AID291874Antitumor activity against human PC3 cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID380120Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in human HeLa-Tet-On cells assessed as inhibition of doxycyclin-induced HIV1-LTR transactivation at 5 uM after 6 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID291869Antitumor activity against human KB cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID383419Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as nitrite formation2008Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 71, Issue:4
Steroids and flavonoids from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production.
AID760304Ratio of IC50 for TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB (unknown origin) activation expressed in human HeLa cells to IC50 for TNFalpha-induced IkappaBalpha (unknown origin) phosphorylation expressed in human HeLa cells2013ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-08, Volume: 4, Issue:8
Contribution of Cage-Shaped Structure of Physalins to Their Mode of Action in Inhibition of NF-κB Activation.
AID291868Antitumor activity against human LNCAP cells2007Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 70, Issue:7
Isolation, structures, and structure - cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID1171119Antinociceptive activity in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions at 25 mg/kg, ip dosed 40 mins before acetic acid injection2014Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11
Antinociceptive properties of physalins from Physalis angulata.
AID380116Inhibition of PMA-induced NF-kappaB activation in human HeLa cells at 8 uM after 7 hrs by IL6/luciferase reporter gene assay2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID500076Immunomodulatory activity in ip dosed mouse lung assessed as reduction in inhibition of ovalbumin-induced intense cell filtration2010Journal of natural products, Aug-27, Volume: 73, Issue:8
Activity of physalin F in a collagen-induced arthritis model.
AID380123Induction of apoptosis in human Jurkat T cells assessed as sub-G0/G1 fraction at 20 uM after 6 hrs by flow cytometry2006Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3
Physalins from Witheringia solanacea as modulators of the NF-kappaB cascade.
AID500078Immunomodulatory activity in ip dosed mouse lung assessed as reduction in modulation of mucus production at 60 mg/kg2010Journal of natural products, Aug-27, Volume: 73, Issue:8
Activity of physalin F in a collagen-induced arthritis model.
AID760303Inhibition of TNFalpha-induced IkappaBalpha (unknown origin) degradation expressed in human HeLa cells at 50 uM pretreated 12.5 mins before TNFalpha addition measured after 30 mins by ELISA2013ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-08, Volume: 4, Issue:8
Contribution of Cage-Shaped Structure of Physalins to Their Mode of Action in Inhibition of NF-κB Activation.
AID500074Antiinflammatory activity against collagen-induced arthritis in po dosed mouse assessed as synovial cell hyperplasia after 20 days2010Journal of natural products, Aug-27, Volume: 73, Issue:8
Activity of physalin F in a collagen-induced arthritis model.
AID623333Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected in mouse assessed as reduction of host mortality at 50 to 100 mg/kg, ip qd for 4 days measured on day 72011Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10
Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (25)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's1 (4.00)18.2507
2000's11 (44.00)29.6817
2010's12 (48.00)24.3611
2020's1 (4.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews2 (7.41%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other25 (92.59%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0610aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		2.1101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.110aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
itraconazole
[no description available]		3.1510piperazines
staurosporine aglycone
staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor		3.1410
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		2.0610organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
veratramine
veratramine: structure. veratramine : A piperidine alkaloid comprising the 14,15,16,17-tetradehydro derivative of veratraman having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 23-positions.		3.1510piperidine alkaloid
jervine
jervine: teratogen from Veratrum grandiflorum; RN given refers to parent cpd(3beta,23beta)-isomer; structure		4.0620piperidines
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.0310acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		2.42203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
betulinic acid
[no description available]		3.1410hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
25-hydroxycholesterol
[no description available]		3.151025-hydroxy steroid;
oxysterol		human metabolite
(20s)-20-hydroxycholesterol
20-hydroxycholesterol: RN given refers to (20S)-isomer. 20-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.		3.151020-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
oxysterol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
24-hydroxycholesterol
(24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol : A 24-hydroxycholesterol that has S configuration at position 24. It is the major metabolic breakdown product of cholesterol in the brain.		3.151024-hydroxycholesterolbiomarker;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite
22s-hydroxycholesterol
(22S)-22-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is the 22S-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.		3.151022-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
oxysterol
gant58
GANT58: inhibits hedgehog signalling; structure in first source		4.0620pyridines
gant 61
GANT 61: a sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitor and Gli inhibitor; structure in first source. GANT61 : An aminal that is hexahydropyrimidine which is substituted on each nitrogen by a 2-(dimethylamino)benzyl group, and at the aminal carbon by a pyridin-4-yl group. A Hedgehog signaling pathway and Gli protein inhibitor.		4.0620aminal;
dialkylarylamine;
pyridines;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor
cyclopamine
[no description available]		4.0620piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
jk184
JK184: structure in first source		3.1410
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		2.0510
luteolin
[no description available]		2.04103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
purmorphamine
purmorphamine: structure in first source. purmorphamine : A member of the class of purines that is purine substituted at C-2 by a 1-naphthyloxy group, at C-4 by a 4-morpholinophenylamino group, and at N-9 by a cyclohexyl group.		3.1510aromatic ether;
morpholines;
purines;
secondary amino compound		osteogenesis regulator;
SMO receptor agonist
sag compound
SAG1.3: small molecule smoothened agonist and a partial agonist of FZD6. 3-chloro-N-[trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 3-chloro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide in which the amide nitrogen is substituted by trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl and 3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzyl groups. A smoothened (Smo) receptor agonist that antagonizes cyclopamine action at the Smo receptor. Activates the Hedgehog signaling pathway in a Patched independent manner.		3.1510
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		2.110morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
ombuine
ombuine: from rhizome of Alpinia tonkinensis. ombuin : A dimethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' are replaced by methoxy groups. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.		2.0410dimethoxyflavone;
flavonols;
trihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
plant metabolite
zerumbone
zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia.		3.1410cyclic ketone;
sesquiterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor;
plant metabolite
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.0210aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
cur 61414
CUR 61414: inhibits the hedehog signaling pathway; structure in first source		3.1410
nsc-287088
[no description available]		4.5470
physalin b
physalin B: has immunosuppressive activity; structure in first source. physalin B : A physalin with antimalarial, antitumour and antimicrobial activities isolated from Physalis angulata.		3.92120enone;
lactone;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound;
physalin		antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
phytosterols
Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.		2.0110
2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid
alphitolic acid: from the aerial parts of Gouania longipetala; structure in first source. 2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is betulinic acid carrying an additional alpha-hydroxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from Breynia fruticosa.		3.1410dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.0710
gdc 0449
HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity		4.0620benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfone		antineoplastic agent;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
SMO receptor antagonist;
teratogenic agent
robotnikinin
robotnikinin: binds sonic hedgehog protein to block its signaling pathway; structure in first source		4.0620
physalin a
physalin A: an anti-inflammatory agent isolated from Physalis alkekengi var; structure in first source		2.4620physalin
physalin g
physalin G: has immunosuppressive activity; from Physalis angulata; structure in first source. physalin G : A physalin with antimalarial activity isolated from Physalis angulata.		3.02406alpha-hydroxy steroid;
enone;
lactone;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound;
physalin		antimalarial
physalin d
physalin D: from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetti; structure in first source. physalin D : A physalin with antimalarial and antimycobacterial activities isolated from Physalis angulata.		3.56805alpha-hydroxy steroid;
6beta-hydroxy steroid;
cyclic ether;
enone;
lactone;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound;
physalin		antimalarial;
antimycobacterial drug;
antineoplastic agent
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		2.0310
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.8420
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.8420
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		02.0510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.830
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.0510
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.0510
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0610
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.0610
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.0610
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.110
Allodynia
[description not available]		02.110
Ache
[description not available]		02.110
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.110
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.110
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.3110
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.3110
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		07.1710
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.1710
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		02.2110
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		02.2110
Familial Spastic Paraparesis, Htlv-1-Associated
[description not available]		02.1310
Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic
A subacute paralytic myeloneuropathy occurring endemically in tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Colombia, India, and Africa, as well as in the southwestern region of Japan; associated with infection by HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS I. Clinical manifestations include a slowly progressive spastic weakness of the legs, increased reflexes, Babinski signs, incontinence, and loss of vibratory and position sensation. On pathologic examination inflammatory, demyelination, and necrotic lesions may be found in the spinal cord. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1239)		02.1310
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		02.0510
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		02.0510
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		02.0710
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		02.0710
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		02.0210
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.0210
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		02.0210
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		02.0210
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.0210