Indirubin-5-sulfonate (also known as indirubin-3'-monosulfonate) is a synthetic analog of indirubin, a natural product found in indigo dye. It is a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), a key enzyme involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, neuronal survival, and inflammatory responses. Indirubin-5-sulfonate has been shown to exhibit a range of biological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Its ability to inhibit GSK-3β makes it a promising therapeutic agent for various diseases. The sulfonate group at the 5-position enhances its water solubility and improves its pharmacokinetic properties. Indirubin-5-sulfonate has been extensively studied in preclinical models for its potential therapeutic applications in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and other conditions. It is currently under investigation for its safety and efficacy in human clinical trials.'
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 3708 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1208600 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1207227 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 490806 |
| MeSH ID | M0403404 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| CHEMBL1208600 , |
| nsc717821 |
| nsc-717821 |
| NCI60_040625 |
| 2',3-dioxo-1,1',2',3-tetrahydro-2,3'-biindole-5'-sulfonic acid |
| indirubin-5-sulphonate |
| 1V0O |
| DB02519 |
| A05-A11B1-I |
| (3z)-2-oxo-3-(3-oxoindolin-2-ylidene)indoline-5-sulfonic acid |
| 2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2h-indol-2-ylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1h-indole-5-sulfonic acid |
| chembl1207227 , |
| bdbm50023871 |
| bdbm84534 |
| indirubin derivative, 20 |
| e226 |
| SCHEMBL490806 |
| indirubin-5-sulfonate |
| 244021-67-8 |
| (2z)-2',3-dioxo-1,1',2',3-tetrahydro-2,3'-biindole-5'-sulfonic acid |
| Q27093503 |
| CS-0094097 |
| HY-111932 |
| bdbm50593898 |
| AKOS040733447 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epidermal growth factor receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 6.8000 | 0.0000 | 0.5369 | 10.0000 | AID1799617 |
| Insulin receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 6.8000 | 0.0017 | 0.8479 | 10.0000 | AID1799617 |
| Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0400 | 0.0004 | 1.3452 | 10.0000 | AID512723 |
| Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.2667 | 0.0006 | 0.5706 | 10.0000 | AID1868057; AID1895291; AID512719 |
| Cyclin-A2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0350 | 0.0004 | 1.0339 | 10.0000 | AID1868055; AID1895289 |
| Kit ligand | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 6.8000 | 0.3000 | 0.9333 | 2.0000 | AID1799617 |
| G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.3000 | 0.0006 | 0.5479 | 9.5000 | AID1868057; AID1895291 |
| Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 4.5436 | 0.0004 | 1.0444 | 10.0000 | AID1799617; AID1868055; AID1895289; AID512724 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 6.8000 | 0.0000 | 0.4830 | 8.8000 | AID1799617 |
| Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0650 | 0.0002 | 1.1832 | 10.0000 | AID1895292 |
| Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0650 | 0.0010 | 1.2898 | 10.0000 | AID1895292 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1799617 | Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1002/cbic.200400108: \\From the insoluble dye indirubin towards highly active, soluble CDK2-inhibitors.\\ | 2005 | Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, Mar, Volume: 6, Issue:3 | From the insoluble dye indirubin towards highly active, soluble CDK2-inhibitors. |
| AID512719 | Inhibition of CDK4 | 2006 | The AAPS journal, Mar-24, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | Selectivity and potency of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. |
| AID512723 | Inhibition of CDK1 | 2006 | The AAPS journal, Mar-24, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | Selectivity and potency of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. |
| AID512724 | Inhibition of CDK2 | 2006 | The AAPS journal, Mar-24, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | Selectivity and potency of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. |
| AID532591 | Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii | 2008 | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12 | Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii by indirubin and tryptanthrin analogs. |
| AID532590 | Cytotoxicity against human foreskin fibroblast cell infected with Toxoplasma gondii | 2008 | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12 | Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii by indirubin and tryptanthrin analogs. |
| AID532592 | Therapeutic index, ration of TD50 for human foreskin fibroblast cell infected with Toxoplasma gondii to ID 50 for Toxoplasma gondii | 2008 | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12 | Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii by indirubin and tryptanthrin analogs. |
| AID1895288 | Inhibition of starfish oocyte CDK1/Cyclin B using histone H1 as substrate incubated for 10 mins in presence of [gamma-32P]ATP by scintillation counter analysis | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 223 | Anticancer potential of indirubins in medicinal chemistry: Biological activity, structural modification, and structure-activity relationship. |
| AID1895292 | Inhibition of CDK5/p35 (unknown origin) | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 223 | Anticancer potential of indirubins in medicinal chemistry: Biological activity, structural modification, and structure-activity relationship. |
| AID1868057 | Inhibition of CDK4/Cyclin D1 (unknown origin) | 2022 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-12, Volume: 65, Issue:9 | From Structure Modification to Drug Launch: A Systematic Review of the Ongoing Development of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors for Multiple Cancer Therapy. |
| AID1868054 | Inhibition of CDK1/Cyclin B (unknown origin) | 2022 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-12, Volume: 65, Issue:9 | From Structure Modification to Drug Launch: A Systematic Review of the Ongoing Development of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors for Multiple Cancer Therapy. |
| AID1868055 | Inhibition of CDK2/Cyclin A (unknown origin) | 2022 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-12, Volume: 65, Issue:9 | From Structure Modification to Drug Launch: A Systematic Review of the Ongoing Development of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors for Multiple Cancer Therapy. |
| AID1895291 | Inhibition of CDK4/cyclin D1 (unknown origin) | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 223 | Anticancer potential of indirubins in medicinal chemistry: Biological activity, structural modification, and structure-activity relationship. |
| AID1895290 | Inhibition of CDK2/cyclin E (unknown origin) | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 223 | Anticancer potential of indirubins in medicinal chemistry: Biological activity, structural modification, and structure-activity relationship. |
| AID1895289 | Inhibition of CDK2/cyclin A (unknown origin) | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 223 | Anticancer potential of indirubins in medicinal chemistry: Biological activity, structural modification, and structure-activity relationship. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 3 (60.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 0 (0.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (40.00) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (12.56) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 3 (60.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 2 (40.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||