Compounds > 2',3'-dideoxycytidinene
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

2',3'-dideoxycytidinene

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

2',3'-dideoxycytidinene is a synthetic nucleoside analog that has been shown to possess antiviral activity. It is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and it has also been shown to inhibit the replication of other viruses, such as hepatitis B virus. The mechanism of action of 2',3'-dideoxycytidinene is believed to be through its incorporation into viral DNA, where it acts as a chain terminator. This compound has been studied extensively for its potential as an antiviral agent, and several clinical trials have been conducted. While it has shown promise in some studies, 2',3'-dideoxycytidinene has not yet been approved for use in humans. Further research is needed to optimize its efficacy and safety.'

2',3'-dideoxycytidinene: 2',3'-unsaturated derivative of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine; potent inhibitor of HTLV-III in vitro; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID64683
CHEMBL ID2115278
SCHEMBL ID5821
MeSH IDM0144463

Synonyms (24)

Synonym
2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine
cytidine, 2,3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxycytidine
cytidine, 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-
4-amino-1-(5-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-yl)-1h-pyrimidin-2-one
ddecyd
4-amino-1-[(2r,5s)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
7481-88-1
2',3'-dideoxycytidinene
2',3'-dideoxydidehydrocytidine
unii-ci9x00489l
ci9x00489l ,
CHEMBL2115278 ,
bdbm50421873
SCHEMBL5821
DTXSID30225784
2'3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine
OOBICGOWICFMIX-POYBYMJQSA-N
4-amino-1-((2r,5s)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1h)-one
Q27275480
dideoxycytidinene
CS-0433238
HY-145791
4-amino-1-[(2r,5s)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one

Research Excerpts

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The ability of ISIS 2922 to inhibit replication of HCMV when used in combination with other antiviral agents approved for treatment of HCMV disease was investigated using a 96-well immunoassay."( Antiviral activity of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complementary to human cytomegalovirus RNA when used in combination with antiviral nucleoside analogs.
Anderson, KP; Azad, RF; Brown-Driver, V; Buckheit, RW, 1995)		0.29
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (4)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic processDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
CMP biosynthetic processDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
dAMP salvageDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic processDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
deoxyadenosine kinase activityDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
deoxycytidine kinase activityDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
deoxyguanosine kinase activityDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytidine kinase activityDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (4)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleoplasmDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmDeoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (26)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID199981Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase; + = active1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 37, Issue:16
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor design using artificial neural networks.
AID89157Effective concentration against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-17, Volume: 47, Issue:13
Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and drug resistance of beta-d-3'-fluoro-2',3'-unsaturated nucleosides as anti-HIV Agents.
AID56583Inhibitory affect against rabbit deoxycytidine kinase1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of some modified 4-thiopyrimidine nucleosides for prevention or reversal of AIDS-associated neurological disorders.
AID234204Therapeutic index (Ratio = ID50/ED50).1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 30, Issue:8
3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) agents.
AID3034Concentration required to inhibit 50% of intracellular circular replication of HBV DNA using 2215 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9
Design and synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-d4C) and 2',3'-dideoxy 2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), two exceptionally potent inhibitors of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and potent inhibitors of human
AID125177In vitro inhibitory activity against Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MULV) replication, a mammalian T-lymphotropic retrovirus1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Synthesis and antiviral activity of various 3'-azido, 3'-amino, 2',3'-unsaturated, and 2',3'-dideoxy analogues of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides against retroviruses.
AID155298Cytotoxicity against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-17, Volume: 47, Issue:13
Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and drug resistance of beta-d-3'-fluoro-2',3'-unsaturated nucleosides as anti-HIV Agents.
AID24339t1/2 (half life) period was determined2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-17, Volume: 47, Issue:13
Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and drug resistance of beta-d-3'-fluoro-2',3'-unsaturated nucleosides as anti-HIV Agents.
AID105762Toxicity was determined by evaluation of cluster morphology and reclustering properties in mock infected MT-4 cells at 0.2 uM concentration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 30, Issue:8
3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) agents.
AID20871Partition coefficient (P) in 1-octanol and 0.1 M Na3PO4 at pH 71990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of some modified 4-thiopyrimidine nucleosides for prevention or reversal of AIDS-associated neurological disorders.
AID105756Protection was determined by evaluation of cluster morphology and reclustering properties in mock infected MT-4 cells at 5 uM concentration.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 30, Issue:8
3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) agents.
AID235704Selectivity index of CD50 to ED50 of MT-4 cells1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 2',3'-dideoxyribo-5-chloropyrimidine analogues: reduced toxicity of 5-chlorinated 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides.
AID46361In vitro concentration required to decrease 50% of mitochondrial DNA content in CEM cells1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9
Design and synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-d4C) and 2',3'-dideoxy 2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), two exceptionally potent inhibitors of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and potent inhibitors of human
AID46362In vitro concentration required to inhibit 50% of CEM cell growth1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9
Design and synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-d4C) and 2',3'-dideoxy 2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), two exceptionally potent inhibitors of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and potent inhibitors of human
AID56585Inhibitory affect against rabbit deoxycytidine kinase and represented as molt/4F kinase.1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of some modified 4-thiopyrimidine nucleosides for prevention or reversal of AIDS-associated neurological disorders.
AID105764Toxicity was determined by evaluation of cluster morphology and reclustering properties in mock infected MT-4 cells at 125 uM concentration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 30, Issue:8
3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) agents.
AID32066Required dose to reduce viability of normal uninfected ATH8 cells.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 30, Issue:8
3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) agents.
AID105752Protection was determined by evaluation of cluster morphology and reclustering properties in mock infected MT-4 cells at 0.2 uM concentration; Range is 40-601987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 30, Issue:8
3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) agents.
AID3033Concentration required to inhibit 50% of extracellular circular replication of HBV DNA using 2215 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9
Design and synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-d4C) and 2',3'-dideoxy 2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), two exceptionally potent inhibitors of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and potent inhibitors of human
AID104310Effective dose achieving 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 2',3'-dideoxyribo-5-chloropyrimidine analogues: reduced toxicity of 5-chlorinated 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides.
AID28713Partition coefficient (logP)1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12
Chemistry and anti-HIV properties of 2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyarabinofuranosylpyrimidines.
AID32065Protection of ATH8 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 30, Issue:8
3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) agents.
AID106768Cytotoxic dose required to reduce the viability of normal uninfected MT-4 cells by 50%1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 2',3'-dideoxyribo-5-chloropyrimidine analogues: reduced toxicity of 5-chlorinated 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides.
AID106908Concentration required to inhibit 50% of HIV activity in MT-2 cells1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9
Design and synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-d4C) and 2',3'-dideoxy 2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), two exceptionally potent inhibitors of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and potent inhibitors of human
AID105766Toxicity was determined by evaluation of cluster morphology and reclustering properties in mock infected MT-4 cells at 5 uM concentration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 30, Issue:8
3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) agents.
AID105747Protection was determined by evaluation of cluster morphology and reclustering properties in mock infected MT-4 cells at 0.008 uM concentration.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 30, Issue:8
3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) agents.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (29)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199016 (55.17)18.7374
1990's10 (34.48)18.2507
2000's2 (6.90)29.6817
2010's1 (3.45)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.68

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index10.68 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.43 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.11 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.68)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (3.45%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (3.45%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other27 (93.10%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		1.9710monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		1.97102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.3820carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
loviride
loviride: structure given in first source; inhibits virion and recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		3.3711
thymidine
[no description available]		2.8840pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		1.9810uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cytidine
[no description available]		1.9810cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytarabine
[no description available]		2.3820beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		7.8840pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyadenosine
2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source		1.9710purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		3.5890dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		2.6730adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		6.04281pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
coformycin
[no description available]		1.9710coformycinsEC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
alovudine
[no description available]		2.3820pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.5161azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		1.97101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.3720
lamivudine
[no description available]		3.7921monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		1.9910monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		2.0210adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
dexelvucitabine
dexelvucitabine: inhibits human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro		1.9910
2'3'-didehydro-2'3'-dideoxyadenosine
2'3'-didehydro-2'3'-dideoxyadenosine: structure given in first source		2.3920
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-bromouridine
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-bromouridine: a potent, selective inhibitor of HIV replication; a weak competitive inhibitor of thymidylate kinase		1.9710
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine: inhibits reproduction of AIDS virus in cultured cells		2.3720
1-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoropentofuranosyl)cytosine
[no description available]		2.3820
l 693593
L 693593: structure given in first source		1.9810
2',3'-dideoxythymidine
[no description available]		3.0750
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
[no description available]		3.2360
2',3'-dideoxyuridine
[no description available]		1.9710pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxythymidine
5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710
lodenosine
lodenosine: anti-HIV nucleoside analog, the flourine atom on lodenosine is located at 2-arabinoside location, while 2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine has the flourine residue at the 2-ribose sugar location		1.9810
2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-2'-fluorocytidine
2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-2'-fluorocytidine: has antiviral action against HIV-1; structure given in first source		2.420
3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydro-2'fluorothymidine
3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydro-2'fluorothymidine: has antiviral activity against HIV-1; structure given in first source		1.9810
2',3'-dideoxy-beta-5-fluorocytidine
2',3'-dideoxy-beta-5-fluorocytidine: structure in first source		2.3920
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxythymidine
[no description available]		1.9710
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		3.37111,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		1.9710coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine
[no description available]		1.9710
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.3720
raluridine
raluridine: inhibitor of HIV; structure given in first source		1.9710
5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine: structure given in first source		1.9710
elvucitabine
[no description available]		1.9910
r-82913
R-82913: antiviral target on reverse transcriptase of HIV-1		1.9810
deoxy-4-thiothymidine
4-thiothymidine: structure in first source		1.9710
tetrahydrouridine
Tetrahydrouridine: An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.		1.9710
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.0631purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		1.98102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex
[description not available]		01.9710
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		03.84120
AIDS Dementia Complex
A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)		01.9710
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		03.7921
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		03.7921
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		01.9810
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		01.9910
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		01.9910
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		03.2260
ARC
[description not available]		02.6730
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		03.2260
AIDS-Related Complex
A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.		02.6730
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		01.9710
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		01.9710
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		01.9710
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		01.9710
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		01.9710
Ache
[description not available]		01.9710
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		01.9710
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		01.9710
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9710