Page last updated: 2024-12-09

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-pyridinecarbonitrile

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-pyridinecarbonitrile is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C15H14ClN3O. It is also known by its trade name **Clopidogrel**.

**Why is Clopidogrel important for research?**

Clopidogrel is a **potent antiplatelet drug** used to prevent blood clots. It is a **pro-drug**, meaning it's inactive when administered but becomes active after being metabolized in the body.

Here's why it's important in research:

* **Cardiovascular Disease:** Clopidogrel's main application is in the prevention of cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes. Its antiplatelet activity makes it a critical component in the treatment and management of these conditions.
* **Mechanism of Action:** Research into Clopidogrel has been instrumental in understanding the complex mechanisms of platelet aggregation and the role of specific receptors in this process. This understanding has helped develop newer, more effective antiplatelet drugs.
* **Drug Delivery and Metabolism:** Clopidogrel's pro-drug nature has led to research on drug delivery systems and the role of enzymes in activating medications. It has also highlighted the importance of individual variability in drug metabolism.
* **Drug Interactions:** Studies on Clopidogrel have provided insight into potential drug-drug interactions, which is crucial for safe and effective medication use.
* **Clinical Trials:** Numerous clinical trials involving Clopidogrel have been conducted to assess its efficacy and safety in various patient populations and for different indications. These trials have provided valuable evidence for its use in clinical practice.

**Beyond its importance for research, Clopidogrel remains a highly effective medication for the prevention of cardiovascular events and has significantly impacted the lives of millions of patients worldwide.**

**Note:** While Clopidogrel is a valuable research tool and medication, it's essential to consult with a medical professional for any health concerns and before taking any medications.

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID1488716
CHEMBL ID1429733
CHEBI ID120454

Synonyms (17)

Synonym
smr000178942
MLS000326357 ,
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-4-(dimethylamino)nicotinonitrile
OPREA1_365027
CHEBI:120454
AKOS005104290
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine-3-carbonitrile
HMS2495D07
478262-62-3
9M-044
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-pyridinecarbonitrile
cid_1488716
bdbm52361
2-(4-chloranylphenoxy)-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine-3-carbonitrile
CHEMBL1429733
Q27208298
mfcd01314756
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
aromatic etherAny ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (18)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency23.93410.007215.758889.3584AID588342
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.54810.01846.806014.1254AID624417
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.59620.004110.890331.5287AID504467
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.59620.000811.382244.6684AID686978
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11874.466818.391635.4813AID1467
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.78280.005210.865235.4813AID686970
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.001815.663839.8107AID894
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.78280.000618.41981,122.0200AID1688
ras-related protein Rab-9AHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.98110.00022.621531.4954AID485297
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency37.68580.168316.404067.0158AID720504
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency11.22020.00798.23321,122.0200AID2551
VprHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Potency19.95261.584919.626463.0957AID651644
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.79430.00419.962528.1838AID2675
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48131.778316.208135.4813AID652104
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
POsterior SegregationCaenorhabditis elegansEC50 (µMol)300.00002.201047.1808186.6810AID1964
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)300.00000.082031.0243168.9080AID1960
Zinc finger protein mex-5Caenorhabditis elegansEC50 (µMol)300.00000.082033.5679168.9080AID1960
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (29)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
monoamine transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
response to painSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptakeSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA processingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
RNA splicingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stabilityTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
response to endoplasmic reticulum stressTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleusTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation by host of viral transcriptionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic processTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilizationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilizationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane organizationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expressionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
actin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
beta-tubulin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
pre-mRNA intronic bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
molecular condensate scaffold activityTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (15)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
axonSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
perichromatin fibrilsTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speckTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
interchromatin granuleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (13)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (5)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's1 (20.00)29.6817
2010's3 (60.00)24.3611
2020's1 (20.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.56

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.56 (24.57)
Research Supply Index1.79 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.36 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.56)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other5 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]