1-hydroxyxanthone profile

## 1-Hydroxyxanthone: A Versatile Molecule with Potential

1-Hydroxyxanthone, also known as **xanthone-1-ol**, is a naturally occurring organic compound belonging to the xanthone family. This molecule is found in various plants, including **mangrove trees** and **medicinal herbs**, and has been studied for its diverse biological activities.

Here's why 1-hydroxyxanthone is important in research:

**1. Potential Therapeutic Applications:**

* **Antioxidant Properties:** 1-Hydroxyxanthone exhibits strong antioxidant activity, which can neutralize free radicals and protect cells from damage. This makes it a potential candidate for treating diseases related to oxidative stress, like cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
* **Anti-Inflammatory Effects:** Studies have shown that 1-hydroxyxanthone possesses anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential use in treating conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
* **Anti-Microbial Activity:** 1-Hydroxyxanthone exhibits antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi, potentially making it a valuable agent in developing new antibiotics and antifungals.
* **Neuroprotective Effects:** Research suggests 1-hydroxyxanthone might protect neurons from damage, offering potential applications in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
* **Other Potential Applications:** Studies have also explored 1-hydroxyxanthone for its potential in treating diabetes, cancer, and liver diseases.

**2. Chemical Versatility:**

* **Synthetic Building Block:** 1-Hydroxyxanthone serves as a valuable building block for synthesizing new molecules with potential biological activity. Its structure allows for various chemical modifications, leading to the development of derivatives with enhanced therapeutic properties.
* **Structure-Activity Relationship Studies:** 1-Hydroxyxanthone's well-defined structure allows researchers to investigate the relationship between its molecular features and its biological activity. This helps in understanding the mechanisms of action and designing more effective therapeutic agents.

**3. Environmental Significance:**

* **Bioremediation:** 1-Hydroxyxanthone and its derivatives are being investigated for their potential in removing pollutants from the environment. This research focuses on developing eco-friendly solutions for cleaning up contaminated water and soil.

**4. Continued Research:**

Although 1-hydroxyxanthone holds great promise, it's still under investigation. Research continues to explore its potential in different therapeutic areas, optimize its properties, and understand its mechanisms of action.

**In summary, 1-hydroxyxanthone is a valuable molecule with significant potential in medicine, chemistry, and environmental science. Its diverse biological activities, chemical versatility, and environmental significance make it an exciting target for ongoing research.**

1-hydroxyxanthone: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5376036
CHEMBL ID	187368
SCHEMBL ID	873750
MeSH ID	M0456274

Synonym
inchi=1/c13h8o3/c14-9-5-3-7-11-12(9)13(15)8-4-1-2-6-10(8)16-11/h1-7,14
1-hydroxyxanthone
1-hydroxy-xanthen-9-one
1-hydroxy-9h-xanthen-9-one
bdbm50155415
CHEMBL187368 ,
1-hydroxyxanthen-9-one
719-41-5
9h-xanthen-9-one, 1-hydroxy-
SCHEMBL873750
DTXSID30222157
xanthen-9-one, 1-hydroxy-
1-hydroxy-9h-xanthen-9-one #
BNLRKUSVMCIOGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
hydroxyxanthone
XH161861

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	8.8300	0.0230	4.4593	10.0000	AID1683486
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.3100	0.0000	2.3789	9.7700	AID240726
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (14)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
eye pigment biosynthetic process	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
visual perception	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to blue light	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin D	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
melanin biosynthetic process	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
thymus development	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cAMP	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
pigmentation	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
biogenic amine metabolic process	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of signal transduction	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine catabolic process	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (9)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
tyrosinase activity	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
primary amine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
aliphatic amine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (10)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytoplasm	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicle	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome membrane	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membrane	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (24)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1683485	Inhibition of Elastase (unknown origin) at 150 uM using N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide as substrate at 150 uM incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1683486	Inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID471933	Antitumor activity against human estrogen receptor deficient MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of growth after 48 hrs using sulforhodamine B dye	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 44, Issue:9	Bromoalkoxyxanthones as promising antitumor agents: synthesis, crystal structure and effect on human tumor cell lines.
AID657723	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after 20 to 22 hrs by broth microdilution method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10	An efficient and convenient microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of (thio)xanthones with additional in vitro and in silico characterization.
AID1683483	Inhibition of Collagenase (unknown origin) using FALGPA as substrate at 150 uM incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID657728	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 20 to 22 hrs by broth microdilution method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10	An efficient and convenient microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of (thio)xanthones with additional in vitro and in silico characterization.
AID657727	Antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247 after 20 to 22 hrs by broth microdilution method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10	An efficient and convenient microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of (thio)xanthones with additional in vitro and in silico characterization.
AID1683487	Inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) at 150 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1357641	Toxicity in zebra fish larvae at 5 uM after 48 hrs	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID240726	Concentration required to inhibit monoamine oxidase activity by 50%	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 14, Issue:22	QSAR modeling of the MAO inhibitory activity of xanthones derivatives.
AID471932	Antitumor activity against human MCF7 cells expressing estrogen receptor assessed as inhibition of growth after 48 hrs using sulforhodamine B dye	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 44, Issue:9	Bromoalkoxyxanthones as promising antitumor agents: synthesis, crystal structure and effect on human tumor cell lines.
AID1357640	Lipid lowering activity in zebrafish embryos by Nile red fat metabolism assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID1357643	Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3L1 cells at 50 uM after 24 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID1683488	Inhibition of Hyaluronidase (unknown origin) at 9.4 to 150 uM using hyaluronic acid as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID361498	Inhibition of yeast alpha glucosidase in phosphate buffer after 0.5 hrs by spectrophotometry	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Synthesis, inhibitory activities, and QSAR study of xanthone derivatives as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
AID657724	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 after 20 to 22 hrs by broth microdilution method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10	An efficient and convenient microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of (thio)xanthones with additional in vitro and in silico characterization.
AID657730	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat T cells assessed as NADH level after overnight incubation by MTS assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10	An efficient and convenient microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of (thio)xanthones with additional in vitro and in silico characterization.
AID657729	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as NADH level after overnight incubation by MTS assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10	An efficient and convenient microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of (thio)xanthones with additional in vitro and in silico characterization.
AID657726	Antibacterial activity against Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC 23246 after 20 to 22 hrs by broth microdilution method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10	An efficient and convenient microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of (thio)xanthones with additional in vitro and in silico characterization.
AID471934	Antitumor activity against human SF268 cells assessed as inhibition of growth after 48 hrs using sulforhodamine B dye	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 44, Issue:9	Bromoalkoxyxanthones as promising antitumor agents: synthesis, crystal structure and effect on human tumor cell lines.
AID657725	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 700294 after 20 to 22 hrs by broth microdilution method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10	An efficient and convenient microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of (thio)xanthones with additional in vitro and in silico characterization.
AID1357644	Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3L1 cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID471931	Antitumor activity against human NCI-H460 cells assessed as inhibition of growth after 48 hrs using sulforhodamine B dye	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 44, Issue:9	Bromoalkoxyxanthones as promising antitumor agents: synthesis, crystal structure and effect on human tumor cell lines.
AID1357647	Lipid lowering activity in zebrafish embryos at 5 uM by Nile red fat metabolism assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	3 (50.00)	29.6817
2010's	2 (33.33)	24.3611
2020's	1 (16.67)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	6 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
kojic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.31	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
xanthone xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.	2.79	3	xanthones	insecticide
2-Methoxyxanthone [no description available]	2.79	3	xanthones
4-methoxyxanthone 4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source	2.79	3
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.17	1	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.07	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bellidifolin bellidifolin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source. bellidifolin : A member of the xanthone family that is bellidin substituted with a methyl group at O-3. A natural product found particularly in Swertia chirata and Gentianella campestris.	2.02	1	polyphenol; xanthones	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite
demethylbellidifolin demethylbellidifolin: protects the myocardium against damage due to ischemia-reperfusion in rats. bellidin : A member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris.	2.02	1	tetrol; xanthones	antioxidant; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite; mutagen; radical scavenger
euxanthone euxanthone : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1 and 7 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.	2.63	2	phenols; xanthones	metabolite; plant metabolite
gentisein gentisein: isolated from the methanol extract of the herb of Hypericum annulatum; structure in first source. gentisein : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 7.	2.73	3	polyphenol; xanthones	plant metabolite
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.17	1	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	2.17	1	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
norathyriol norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source. norathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.	2.02	1	polyphenol; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
1,2,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone 1,2,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone: has antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities; isolated from Swertia corymbosa; structure in first source. swertianin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 8 and a methoxy group at position 6. It has been isolated from various species of the genus Swertia and has been found to exhibit antioxidant activities.	2.02	1	aromatic ether; polyphenol; xanthones	antioxidant; plant metabolite
decussatin decussatin: a Swertia decussata xanthone; structure in first source. decussatin : A member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 6. It has been isolated from Centaurium erythraea and Gentiana verna.	2.02	1	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	plant metabolite
1,3-dihydroxy-xanthone [no description available]	2.46	2
1,6-dihydroxyxanthone 1,6-dihydroxyxanthone: structure in first source	2.46	2
3,4-dihydroxy-xanthone 3,4-dihydroxy-xanthone: structure given in first source	2.82	3
hylin [no description available]	2.17	1

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	2.17	1	0

1-hydroxyxanthone

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (16)

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (14)

Molecular Functions (9)

Ceullar Components (10)

Bioassays (24)

Research

Studies (6)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.64

Study Types

1-hydroxyxanthone

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (16)

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (14)

Molecular Functions (9)

Ceullar Components (10)

Bioassays (24)

Research

Studies (6)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.64

Study Types

Related Drugs (20)

Related Conditions (1)