Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]

A superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00441]

Synonyms

EC 1.15.1.1;
Superoxide dismutase 1;
hSod1

Research

Bioassay Publications (1)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	1 (100.00)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Compounds (1)

Drugs with Other Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester	Homo sapiens (human)	Superoxide anion	50,000.0000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 8 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
superoxide dismutase activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide. [EC:1.15.1.1, GOC:vw, PMID:15064408]
copper ion binding	molecular function	Binding to a copper (Cu) ion. [GOC:ai]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
zinc ion binding	molecular function	Binding to a zinc ion (Zn). [GOC:ai]
protein phosphatase 2B binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein phosphatase 2B. [GOC:jl]
small GTPase binding	molecular function	Binding to a small monomeric GTPase. [GOC:mah, PMID:27218782]
identical protein binding	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl]
protein-folding chaperone binding	molecular function	Binding to a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport. [PMID:10585443]

Located In

This protein is located in 15 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
extracellular region	cellular component	The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators]
extracellular space	cellular component	That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684]
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
nucleoplasm	cellular component	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
cytoplasm	cellular component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
mitochondrion	cellular component	A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732]
mitochondrial intermembrane space	cellular component	The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope. [GOC:mah]
mitochondrial matrix	cellular component	The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation. [GOC:as, ISBN:0198506732]
peroxisome	cellular component	A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. [GOC:pm, PMID:9302272, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
cytoplasmic vesicle	cellular component	A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah, GOC:vesicles]
dendrite cytoplasm	cellular component	All of the contents of a dendrite, excluding the surrounding plasma membrane. [GOC:mah]
neuronal cell body	cellular component	The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. [GOC:go_curators]
extracellular exosome	cellular component	A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:vesicles, PMID:15908444, PMID:17641064, PMID:19442504, PMID:19498381, PMID:22418571, PMID:24009894]
axon cytoplasm	cellular component	Any cytoplasm that is part of a axon. [GO_REF:0000064, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18667152]

Active In

This protein is active in 4 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
peroxisome	cellular component	A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. [GOC:pm, PMID:9302272, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576]
mitochondrion	cellular component	A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732]
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]

Part Of

This protein is part of 1 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
protein-containing complex	cellular component	A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 56 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
response to superoxide	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0198506732]
ovarian follicle development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/]
positive regulation of cytokine production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]
placenta development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. [GOC:add, ISBN:068340007X]
retina homeostasis	biological process	A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:15365173, PMID:15365178]
myeloid cell homeostasis	biological process	The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. [CL:0000763, GOC:add]
glutathione metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. [ISBN:0198506732]
superoxide metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species. [GOC:jl]
intracellular iron ion homeostasis	biological process	A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of iron ions within a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]
apoptotic process	biological process	A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. [GOC:cjm, GOC:dhl, GOC:ecd, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:18846107, PMID:21494263]
spermatogenesis	biological process	The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. [GOC:jid, ISBN:9780878933846, PMID:28073824, PMID:30990821]
embryo implantation	biological process	Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining. [GOC:isa_complete, http://www.medterms.com]
sensory perception of sound	biological process	The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. [GOC:ai]
locomotory behavior	biological process	The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. [GOC:dph]
anterograde axonal transport	biological process	The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons. [ISBN:0815316194]
retrograde axonal transport	biological process	The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons. [ISBN:0815316194]
regulation of blood pressure	biological process	Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0721643949]
determination of adult lifespan	biological process	The pathways that regulate the duration of the adult phase of the life-cycle of an animal. [PMID:25561524, PMID:273723695, PMID:3424805]
response to heat	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. [GOC:lr]
response to xenobiotic stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc]
response to organic substance	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. [GOC:sm, PMID:23356676]
gene expression	biological process	The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. [GOC:txnOH-2018, PMID:25934543, PMID:31580950]
transmission of nerve impulse	biological process	The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. [GOC:curators, ISBN:0815316194]
neuronal action potential	biological process	An action potential that occurs in a neuron. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb]
removal of superoxide radicals	biological process	Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). [GOC:jl]
peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance	biological process	The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. [GOC:dgh]
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell. [GOC:mah]
regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]
ectopic germ cell programmed cell death	biological process	Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo. [PMID:12814944]
regulation of multicellular organism growth	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size. [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:tb]
response to hydrogen peroxide	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. [GOC:jl]
superoxide anion generation	biological process	The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways. [GOC:jl, PMID:12359750]
positive regulation of apoptotic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
positive regulation of catalytic activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. [GOC:ebc, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, GOC:vw]
regulation of GTPase activity	biological process	Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
response to ethanol	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol. [GOC:go_curators]
regulation of protein kinase activity	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. [GOC:go_curators]
regulation of organ growth	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. [GOC:bf, GOC:tb]
muscle cell cellular homeostasis	biological process	The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state. [GOC:mah, PMID:3091429, PMID:7781901]
thymus development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]
response to axon injury	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]
hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of inflammatory response	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of phagocytosis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of developmental process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). [GOC:ai]
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	biological process	Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. [GOC:ai]
heart contraction	biological process	The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. [GOC:dph]
neurofilament cytoskeleton organization	biological process	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins. [GOC:dph]
relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle	biological process	A negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The relaxation is mediated by a decrease in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain. This can be achieved by removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases leading to a decrease myosin light chain kinase activity, and through calcium-independent pathways leading to a increase in myosin light chain phosphatase activity. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_miRNA, GOC:dph, GOC:rph, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:15867178, PMID:19996365, PMID:27389411]
auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization	biological process	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells. [GOC:dph, PMID:10978835]
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers. [GOC:mah]
action potential initiation	biological process	The initiating cycle of an action potential. In vertebrate neurons this typically occurs at an axon hillock. Not all initiated axon potentials propagate. [ISBN:978-0071390118, PMID:19439602]
positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:11672522]
negative regulation of reproductive process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. [GOC:mah]