Page last updated: 2024-11-05

isovaleramide

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Isovaleramide is a white, crystalline solid with a melting point of 138-140 °C. It is a derivative of valeric acid and is produced by the reaction of valeric acid with ammonia. Isovaleramide has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects, particularly as an anticonvulsant and an anxiolytic. Research suggests that it may act by modulating the activity of GABAergic neurotransmission. Its importance lies in its potential to offer new therapeutic options for conditions such as epilepsy and anxiety disorders. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanism of action and its safety and efficacy in humans. Isovaleramide has also been investigated for its potential as a drug of abuse due to its ability to produce sedative effects. It is crucial to note that the use of isovaleramide should be under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.'

isovaleramide: inhibits liver alcohol dehydrogenases [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID10930
CHEMBL ID171066
SCHEMBL ID9641
MeSH IDM0115014

Synonyms (56)

Synonym
nps-1776
isovaleric acid amide
einecs 208-781-1
nsc 402555
brn 1740789
nps 1776
beta-methylbutyramide
isopentanamide
3-methylbutanamide
isovaleramide (usan)
D04637
nsc402555
541-46-8
isovaleric amide
3-methylbutyramide
nsc-402555
isovaleramide
.beta.-methylbutyramide
butanamide, 3-methyl-
nfs-1776
CHEMBL171066
nfs1776
HMS3264B03
pharmakon1600-01506177
nsc760408
nsc-760408
S4116
AKOS008937702
isovaleramide [usan]
unii-9cp4kb634m
9cp4kb634m ,
FT-0627531
isovaleramide [mi]
CCG-213627
SCHEMBL9641
3-methylbutaneamide
CS-4876
DTXSID3060249
HY-B1229
AB01563345_02
AB01563345_01
mfcd00014807
J-512895
HMS3652O16
SW220069-1
F1995-0350
BCP05941
Q6086595
AS-14001
bdbm50224817
trimethylenedi(thiotosylate)
HMS3885H05
C75541
A870532
EN300-1232898
Z33546511

Research Excerpts

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (9)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Alcohol dehydrogenase E chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki20.00000.14122.89278.7000AID33720
Alcohol dehydrogenase S chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki20.00000.14122.89278.7000AID33720
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (17)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
retinoid metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic processAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
alcohol metabolic processAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic processAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
retinoid metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
alcohol metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
ethanol metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
cellular aldehyde metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid omega-oxidationAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
alcohol catabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
quinone metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
formaldehyde catabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
retinoid metabolic processAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
respiratory system processAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid omega-oxidationAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood pressureAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to nitrosative stressAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to redox stateAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
formaldehyde catabolic processAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic processAlcohol dehydrogenase 6Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processAlcohol dehydrogenase 6Homo sapiens (human)
retinoid metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
response to bacteriumAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid omega-oxidationAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (24)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, zinc-dependentAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, zinc-dependentAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, zinc-dependentAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
butanol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
NADPH:quinone reductase activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, zinc-dependentAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
aldose reductase (NADPH) activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans retinal bindingAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptorAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
benzaldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
retinol bindingAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
NAD bindingAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid bindingAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activityAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
formaldehyde dehydrogenase activityAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NADP+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, zinc-dependentAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase 6Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAlcohol dehydrogenase 6Homo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, zinc-dependentAlcohol dehydrogenase 6Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAlcohol dehydrogenase 6Homo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, zinc-dependentAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
aldehyde oxidase activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
retinol bindingAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
ethanol bindingAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
receptor antagonist activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxydecanoate dehydrogenase activityAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (5)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleoplasmAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlcohol dehydrogenase 6Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAlcohol dehydrogenase 6Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlcohol dehydrogenase 6Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (14)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1134606Et2O-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8
Hydrogen-bonding parameter and its significance in quantitative structure--activity studies.
AID33854Michaelis-Menten's constant was determined in vitro against purified rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of ethanol1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID33723Intercept inhibition constant was determined against horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of ethanol1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID34016Michaelis-Menten's constant was determined in vivo against rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of ethanol1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID33853Michaelis-Menten's constant was determined against horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of ethanol1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID33851Slope inhibition constant was determined against horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of ethanol1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID1134605Oil-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8
Hydrogen-bonding parameter and its significance in quantitative structure--activity studies.
AID33722Intercept inhibition constant was determined against horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of acetaldehyde1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID33886Intercept inhibition constant was determined in vivo against rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of ethanol1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID33724Slope inhibition constant was determined against horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of acetaldehyde1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID33852Michaelis-Menten's constant was determined against horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of acetaldehyde1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID33720In vitro inhibition against horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID33885Intercept inhibition constant was determined in vitro against purified rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase in presence of ethanol1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
AID183376In vivo inhibition of ethanol metabolism following 1 mMol/Kg p.o.1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (4)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19902 (50.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's2 (50.00)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 23.83

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index23.83 (24.57)
Research Supply Index1.95 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.14 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index23.28 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (23.83)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (16.67%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other5 (83.33%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]