petrobactin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

petrobactin: a photoreactive siderophore produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	11411510
SCHEMBL ID	22903958
MeSH ID	M0419129

Synonyms (6)

Synonym
petrobactin
4-[4-[3-[(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)amino]propylamino]butylamino]-2-[2-[4-[3-[(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)amino]propylamino]butylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid
4-[4-[3-[[3,4-bis(oxidanyl)phenyl]carbonylamino]propylamino]butylamino]-2-[2-[4-[3-[[3,4-bis(oxidanyl)phenyl]carbonylamino]propylamino]butylamino]-2-oxidanylidene-ethyl]-2-oxidanyl-4-oxidanylidene-butanoic acid
GKIMOVAPSAVJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C22273
SCHEMBL22903958

Research Excerpts

Overview

Petrobactin is a bis-catecholate, alpha-hydroxy acid siderophore produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Petrobactin is a bis-catecholate, alpha-hydroxy acid siderophore produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. "	( Petrobactin, a photoreactive siderophore produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. Barbeau, K; Butler, A; Live, DH; Zhang, G, 2002)	3.2

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Iron is an essential element for oceanic microbial life but its low bioavailability limits microorganisms in large areas of the oceans."	( Detection of photoactive siderophore biosynthetic genes in the marine environment. Amin, SA; Carrano, CJ; Gärdes, A; Green, DH; Romano, A; Triana, C; Trimble, L, 2013)	0.39
" In this study, we develop a model system for testing the effects of siderophore production on iron bioavailability using the marine copiotroph Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126."	( Petrobactin, a siderophore produced by Alteromonas, mediates community iron acquisition in the global ocean. Barbeau, KA; Bundy, RM; Dupont, CL; Manck, LE; Park, J; Poire, AM; Tully, BJ, 2022)	2.16

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (37)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	23 (62.16)	29.6817
2010's	11 (29.73)	24.3611
2020's	3 (8.11)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 26.61

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	26.61 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.64 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.46 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	31.58 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (26.61)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (2.70%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	36 (97.30%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	2.04	1	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.05	1	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	2.05	1	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
spermidine [no description available]	7.45	2	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	2.45	2	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	2.73	3	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.45	2	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	2.15	1	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
aerobactin [no description available]	2.46	2	L-lysine derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; siderophore; virulence factor
beta-lipotropin, gln(9)- corynebactin: a triscatechol derivative of a cyclic triserine lactone; siderophore synthesized by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. corynebactin : A crown compound that is enterobactin in which the pro-R hydrogens at positions 2, 6 and 10 of the trilactone backbone are replaced by methyl groups, and in which a glycine spacer separates the trilactone backbone from each of the catecholamide arms. It is the endogenous siderophore of Bacillus subtilis, used for the acquisition of iron.	3.43	7	catechols; crown compound; macrocyclic lactone	bacterial metabolite; metabolite
rhizoferrin rhizoferrin: a ferric polycarboxylate; a complexone-type siderophore; synthesized and secreted by Rhizopus microsporus	2.03	1
3-dehydroshikimate 3-dehydroshikimate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-dehydroshikimic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-dehydroshikimic acid : A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is shikimic acid in which the allylic hydroxy group has been oxidised to the corresponding keto group.	7.44	2	monocarboxylic acid anion	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.03	1	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
vibrioferrin vibrioferrin: structure in first source. vibrioferrin : A tricarboxylic acid that is citric acid in which the pro-R carboxy group has been esterified with the primary hydroxy group of 2-hydroxy-1-{(2S)-1-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-5-oxoproline. It is a siderophore isolated from bacteria closely associated or symbiotic with toxic, bloom-forming dinoflagellates.	2.46	2	carboxylic ester; N-acyl hemiaminal; pyrrolidin-2-ones; tertiary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	marine metabolite; siderophore
marinobactin e marinobactin E: structure in first source	2.05	1
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	2.21	1
nedocromil 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate: structure in first source. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate : A dihydroxybenzoate having the two hydroxy groups located at the 3- and 4-positions.	2.04	1	dihydroxybenzoate

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Bacillus anthracis Infection [description not available]	2.99	4
Anthrax An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.	2.99	4
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.07	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.02	1

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