boron and hydroquinone

An electrochemical flow cell with a boron-doped diamond dual-plate microtrench electrode has been developed and demonstrated for hydroquinone flow injection electroanalysis in phosphate buffer pH 7. Using the electrochemical generator-collector feedback detector improves the sensitivity by one order of magnitude (when compared to a single working electrode detector). The diffusion process is switched from an analyte consuming "external" process to an analyte regenerating "internal" process with benefits in selectivity and sensitivity.

Topics: Boron; Diamond; Electrochemical Techniques; Equipment Design; Feedback; Flow Injection Analysis; Hydroquinones; Oxygen

The electrochemical oxidation of pesticide, o-nitrophenol (ONP) as one kind of pesticide that is potentially dangerous and biorefractory, was studied by galvanostatic electrolysis using boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode. The influence of several operating parameters, such as applied current density, supporting electrolyte, and initial pH value, was investigated. The best degradation occurred in the presence of Na2SO4 (0.05 M) as conductive electrolyte. After 8h, nearly complete degradation of o-nitrophenol was achieved (92%) using BDD electrodes at pH 3 and at current density equals 60 mA cm(-2). The decay kinetics of o-nitrophenol follows a pseudo-first-order reaction. Aromatic intermediates such as catechol, resorcinol, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, hydroquinone and benzoquinone and carboxylic acids such as maleic glycolic, malonic, glyoxilic and oxalic, have been identified and followed during the ONP treatment by chromatographic techniques. From these anodic oxidation by-products, a plausible reaction sequence for ONP mineralization on BDD anodes is proposed.

Topics: Benzoquinones; Boron; Carboxylic Acids; Catechols; Diamond; Electrodes; Electrolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroquinones; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Nitrophenols; Oxygen; Pesticides; Resorcinols; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification

The electrochemical oxidation of aqueous wastes polluted with hydroquinone, resorcinol, or catechol on boron-doped diamond electrodes has been studied. The complete mineralization of the organic waste has been obtained independently of the nature of each isomer. No aromatic intermediates were found during the treatment, and solely aliphatic intermediates (carboxylic acids C4 and C2, mainly) were detected in the three cases. Although as from the bulk electrolyses study no differences in the electrochemical oxidation of dihydroxybenzenes seem to exist, different voltammetric behavior between resorcinol and the other two isomers was obtained in the voltammetric study. Catechol and hydroquinone have a reversible quinonic form, and a cathodic reduction peak appears in their voltammograms. The characterization of the first steps in the electrochemical oxidation of the three dihydroxybenzenes showed the formation of a larger number of intermediates in the oxidation of catechol, although no carbon dioxide was detected in its oxidation. Conversely, the oxidation of resorcinol and hydroquinone lead to the formation of important concentrations of carbon dioxide. The nondetection of aromatic intermediates, even if small quantities of charge are passed, confirms that the oxidation must be carried out directly on the electrode surface or by hydroxyl radicals generated by decomposition of water.

Topics: Boron; Carbon Dioxide; Carboxylic Acids; Catechols; Diamond; Electrochemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroquinones; Hydroxyl Radical; Industrial Waste; Organic Chemicals; Oxygen; Resorcinols; Time Factors; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification