boron and Poisoning

In this bipartite article the current knowledge about trace elements in cattle is reviewed. The second part contains the new trace elements. This group includes the essential elements arsenic, lead, nickel, vanadium, tin, silicon and the accidental elements. Of the last aluminum, boron, cadmium, mercury and thallium have an importance for cattle due to their toxic potential and the risk of contamination of the food originating from the animal.

Topics: Aluminum; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Boron; Cadmium; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Food Contamination; Foodborne Diseases; Mercury; Poisoning; Thallium; Trace Elements

Disodium mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate (BSH) is a boron compound used in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for malignant brain tumors. Intravenous single and 2-week repeated dose toxicity studies of BSH were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the single-dose study, BSH was administered at doses of 100, 300 or 600 mg/kg. Death occurred within 10 min (acute type) or from 5 hr to 2 days (delayed type) after dosing in the 600 mg/kg group. No differences in mortality by sex and dosing speed were observed. Major causes of death were considered to be circulatory disorder in acute death and renal injury in delayed death. The renal injury was observed in the 300 and 600 mg/kg groups. In the 2-week repeated dose study, BSH was administered at doses of 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Body weight gain was suppressed in the 100 and 300 mg/kg groups. One male in the 300 mg/kg group died due to renal and pulmonary lesions at day 8. Slight anemia was observed in the 300 mg/kg group. Pathologically, the kidney showed tubular regeneration with increase of weight in the 300 mg/kg. From these results, the NOAEL of BSH is 30 mg/kg/day.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Borohydrides; Boron; Boron Compounds; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Male; Poisoning; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sex Factors; Sulfhydryl Compounds

A 45-year-old white man ingested approximately two cups of boric acid crystals dissolved in water in a suicide attempt. Nausea, vomiting, greenish diarrhea, and dehydration occurred shortly thereafter. Two days later, he presented to the hospital with hypotension, metabolic acidosis, oliguric renal failure, a generalized erythematous rash, and several superficial skin abrasions. His condition failed to improve despite intravenous fluids and vasopressors. He later developed atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response and could not be converted to a sinus rhythm. This rhythm deteriorated to electromechanical dissociation, and the patient died 17 hours after admission. The urine and whole blood boric acid concentrations approximately 52 hours after ingestion were 160 and 42 mg/dL, respectively. These results are equivalent to urine and blood boron concentrations of 28 and 7 mg/dL, respectively. A postmortem urine boron concentration was 29.4 mg/dL. The autopsy report listed boron toxicity as the cause of death. This is the only adult reported to die from acute boric acid ingestion in recent years and may be atypical since the patient was untreated for 3 days and presented with dehydration and renal function impairment. This case suggests that lack of adequate urine flow and dehydration increases the risk of boron toxicity.

Topics: Boric Acids; Boron; Dehydration; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Renal Insufficiency; Suicide, Attempted; Time Factors

Topics: Alopecia Areata; Antidotes; Bismuth; Boron; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Poisoning; Thallium

Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Antidotes; Boron; Cricetinae; Fluoride Poisoning; Fluorosis, Dental; Poisoning; Sodium Fluoride

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Boron; Burns; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Middle Aged; Poisoning

Topics: Animals; Boron; Boron Compounds; Glucose; Lagomorpha; Methylene Blue; Poisoning; Rabbits; Research; Toxicology

Topics: Air Pollution; Benzene; Boron; Chloroform; Occupational Medicine; Parathion; Poisoning; Threshold Limit Values; Toxicology; Trichloroethylene

Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Boranes; Boron; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Neurologic Manifestations; Occupational Diseases; Poisoning; Psychological Tests; Seizures; Toxicology; Urine

Topics: Borohydrides; Boron; Poisoning