boron and Ischemia

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related with various pathological disorders. Therefore, real-time detection of ROS is essential for understanding the procedure of diseases and diagnosing the accurate lesion sites. Hydrogen peroxide (H

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Boron; Fluorescence; Hindlimb; Hydrogen Peroxide; Indocyanine Green; Ischemia; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Muscles; Nanoparticles; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Photoacoustic Techniques; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Polysaccharides; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Ultrasonography

This study investigated the vascular effect of ferromagnetic obstruction of cochlear blood vessels in the guinea pig using dual-channel laser Doppler flowmetry. To improve this technique, we tested new types of magnets and iron spheres. In so doing, the cochlear temperature was lowered selectively and general hypothermia was avoided. The success of vascular impairment in the inner ear was found to depend on the experimental conditions used. Given normothermic conditions (38 degrees C body temperature), a clear reduction in cochlear blood flow (CBF) was found in only about 30% of the animals tested when an aluminium-nickel-cobalt alloy magnet and carbonyl iron spheres were used, while this ratio increased to about 80% under general hypothermia (33 degrees C). Using a stronger neodymium-iron-boron magnet and smaller-sized iron spheres, we found the success of vascular obstruction to be approximately 70% under normothermia and 100% with local hypothermia (to 33 degrees C) of the cochlea. Although the extent of vascular impairment revealed a considerable interindividual variation, the present findings demonstrate that ferromagnetic intervention in CBF with dual-channel laser Doppler flowmetry can be used to investigate the effect of quantified cochlear ischemia on inner ear physiology in the guinea pig model and test various therapeutic strategies.

Topics: Alloys; Aluminum; Animals; Body Temperature; Boron; Cobalt; Cochlea; Disease Models, Animal; Ear, Inner; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hypothermia, Induced; Iron; Iron Carbonyl Compounds; Ischemia; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Magnetics; Male; Microspheres; Neodymium; Nickel; Organometallic Compounds; Regional Blood Flow; Thrombosis