boron and Obesity

The worldwide growing trend of obesity across all ages has increased the number of researches on the obesity management and prevention. Boron is a potential essential trace element and there are some promising results on its weight lowering effect. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was aimed to assess the effect of boron on body weight.. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched from 1995 until November 2021 using the definitive keywords. Searching was limited to articles with English language. Human studies were excluded in our analyses regarding their limited number and the heterogeneity of study designs. All of the relevant animal studies on rodents with weight changes as a primary outcome were included. The assessments of risk of bias and heterogeneity were conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and I-square (I2) statistic respectively.. According to our findings the overall effect of boron administration orally was significant decrease of body weight (WMD = -18.12 g 95% CI -23.28, -12.96; P < 0.001). The boron compound administration was more effective in the borax form and also when the intervention duration was ≤ 4 weeks. Moreover, the effect size was greater in the male gender rather than female animals.. Most of the experimental studies supported the weight lowering effect of boron although, there are a few inconsistent evidences. It seems that the weight lowering effect of boron may be through increasing the energy metabolism, thermogenesis, lipolysis and inhibition of adiposeness. However, future clinical trials can better clarify the effects of boron on obesity management.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Boron; Female; Male; Obesity; Weight Loss

Growing evidence indicates that metal exposure is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, mixed results have been reported. The aim of this study was to clarify associations of exposure to essential and non-essential metals with body composition and risks of obesity and MetS. Anthropometry and blood biochemistry of metabolic parameters were obtained from 150 middle-aged Taiwanese adults. Plasma metals were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and body compositions were measured by a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The essential metals of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and chromium (Cr) were positively correlated with the body fat mass but inversely correlated with the skeletal muscle mass (all p < 0.05). An adjusted logistic regression showed that Mn [odds ratio (OR) = 1.624 (95% confidence interval 1.072, 2.462), p = 0.02] and, to a lesser extent, Cu [OR = 1.501 (0.985, 2.292), p = 0.059] predicted abdominal obesity, while plasma Cu [OR = 2.211 (1.146, 4.266), p = 0.02] and zinc (Zn) [OR = 2.228 (1.048, 4.736) p = 0.04] predicted MetS. Significant correlations between dyslipidemia and lithium [OR = 1.716 (1.080, 2.726)], Cu [OR = 2.210 (1.415, 3.454)], Mn [OR = 2.200 (1.320, 3.666)], molybdenum [OR = 1.853 (1.160, 2.958)], and Zn [OR = 1.993 (1.186, 3.349)], and between boron [OR = 2.583 (1.137, 5.868)] and hyperglycemia were observed (all p < 0.05). Exposure to essential metals may affect the body composition and metabolic profiles, exacerbating the risk of MetS.

Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Boron; Chromium; Copper; Humans; Lithium; Manganese; Metabolic Syndrome; Metals; Metals, Heavy; Middle Aged; Molybdenum; Obesity; Zinc

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity makes it a global health problem, while treatment options remain limited. Given the potential of boron in the treatment of obesity, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-adipogenic activity of the newly synthesised boron glycine monoester compound (BGM) using 3T3-L1 adipocytes by analysing lipid accumulation, CTRP3 and PPARy gene expression, oxidative stress and apoptotic effects. 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells (ATCC® CL-173) were transformed into adipocyte cells in vitro. Fat accumulation in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells was detected by Oil Red O staining. Gene expression levels were determined with qPCR. Biochemical analyzes were performed using spectrophotometric method (CAT, ALP and ACP) and ELISA kit (TAS, TOS, NADP-IDH). Apoptosis studies were performed on the muse cell nalyser using the Muse Annexin V & Dead Cell Assay Kit. When BGM-treated cells were compared to control adipocyte cells, lipid accumulation decreased in a dose-dependent manner. BGM-treated adipocyte cells had higher CTRP3 expression levels and lower PPAR-γ gene expression levels compared to control adipocyte cells (p < 0.001). While BGM application increased the TAS level, it showed an antioxidant effect by regulating the activity of oxidative metabolism enzymes (p < 0.001). BGM application increased total apoptosis by 1.5-fold. These results show that BGM is a potential therapeutic agent for obesity by regulating the expression of genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in adipocyte cells and by affecting the activity of enzymes of oxidative metabolism and apoptosis.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Alprostadil; Animals; Annexin A5; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Boron; Cell Differentiation; Glycine; Lipogenesis; Mice; NADP; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; PPAR gamma

Boron is an element commonly found in nature. The main boron source for organisms is through food and drinking water. In recent years, it is suggested that the "boron-rich diet" can affect human health positively. However, more detailed studies are needed.. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of increased dietary boron intake on some biochemical parameters in humans.. Thirteen healthy women consumed diets containing 10 mg more boron than their routine diet for one month. This boron intake was provided with the increase of boron-rich foods such as dried fruits, avocado, and nuts in the diet. Some biochemical and hematologic parameters were determined in blood, urine and saliva samples taken before and after a boron-rich diet.. Serum, salivary, and urine boron concentrations increased 1.3, 1.7, 6.0 fold, respectively. The most significant clinically change was found in the lipid profile. Serum total, LDL, VLDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased significantly. Body weight, body fat weight, and Body Mass Index also decreased. Significant changes in serum TSH and salivary buffering capacity were also found.. Increasing the intake of boron through dietary means might contribute to beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, obesity, and thyroid metabolism; salivary boron may reflect serum boron; and boron may be used as a cariostatic agent in dentistry. An increased intake of other dietary factors such as fiber, potassium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin E in the boron-rich foods might have been responsible of the effects described. To our knowledge, this study is the first clinical study in which dietary boron intake is increased via foods.

Topics: Body Weight; Boron; Diet; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Lipids; Obesity; Saliva; Thyrotropin; Trace Elements

Effects of boron( B) on the serum biochemical index and microstructure of immune organs in male obese rats were studied.. 40 male SD rats( 3-month old) were divided into five groups: normal control group, high-fat-diet control group and boron supplemental group of low, medium and high dose, randomly. The normal control group were fed with normal diet, the other 4 groups were fed with highfat diet to establish the model of obesity for 8 weeks. The boron supplemental group of low, medium and high dose were supplemented 20, 40 and 80 mg B / L in drinking water for 90 d, respectively. At the end, the rats were anesthetized and bled. The blood were collected from right atrium to detected the biochemical indexes related to liver function, and the thymus and spleen were obtained to weighted and fixed, then the samples were made into paraffin sections, stained with hematoxylin-eosin( HE) stain, observed and measured the histological parameters of immune organs.. Compared with normal control group, the Lee's index and abdominal fat rate, the level of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL-c) and the thymus weight were significantly increased( P <0. 05), but the level of serum total protein( TP) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-c) were significantly decreased( P < 0. 05) in high-fat-diet control group, 40 mg /L and 80 mg / L supplement groups of boron. However, these detection indexes did not change significantly( P > 0. 05) in 20 mg / L supplement groups of boron. Compared with the high-fat-diet control group, the Lee's index and abdominal fat rate, the level of serum Apolipoprotein B( apo B) and LDL-c, the thymus weight and index were significantly decreased( P < 0. 05), but the level of serum TP and high density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-c) were significantly increased( P < 0. 05) in 20 mg /L supplement groups of boron. The level of serum LDL-c and thymus weight was significantly lower( P < 0. 05) in40 mg / L supplement groups of boron. But all the above detection indicators did not change significantly( P > 0. 05) in 80 mg / L supplement groups of boron. Under the microscope, compared with high-fat-diet control group, splenic nodule area was increased significantly( P < 0. 05), splenic periarterial lymphatic sheath, marginal zone and splenic cord were also thicker significantly( P < 0. 05), thymus medulla / cortex ratio decreased significantly( P < 0. 05), the cells arranged closely, vacuolar like structures were less in the thymus medulla of 20 mg / L and 40 mg / L supplement groups of boron. Microstructure of spleen and thymus did not change significantly in 80 mg / L supplement groups of boron.. Supplementation of 20 mg B / L could decrease the level of serum apo B and LDL-c, and increase the level of serum HDL-c, and protect the liver function and immune organ of rat from damage caused obese by high fat diet.

Topics: Animals; Boron; Cholesterol, HDL; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Drinking Water; Male; Obesity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The impact of boron on the development of obesity remains controversial in the analysis of experimental and clinical data. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood and urine boron concentrations and obesity in normal, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese subjects in different age groups. A total of 105 subjects were categorized into 12 groups based on body mass index and three different age levels: as young adult (18 to 34 years old), adult (35 to 54 years old), and older adult (greater than 55 years old). Age, gender, body mass index, and blood and urine boron concentrations were recorded for each subject. There were 50 women and 55 men, with a mean age of 44.63 ± 17.9 years. Blood and urine boron concentrations were similar among the groups (p = 0.510 and p = 0.228, respectively). However, a positive correlation between age and blood boron concentration (p = 0.001) was detected in contrast to the presence of a negative correlation between age and urine boron concentration (p = 0.027). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between gender, age, and quantitative values of body mass index for each subject, and blood and urine boron concentrations. Although the relationship between boron and obesity has not been confirmed, changes of blood and urine boron concentrations with age may have some physiologic sequences to cause obesity.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Boron; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Young Adult

The exact role of boron in humans is not known although its supplementation causes several important metabolic and inflammatory changes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of an association between blood boron level and obesity in normal, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese subjects. A total number of 80 subjects, categorized into four groups based on their body mass index as normal, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese, were enrolled in this study. Age, sex, body mass index, and blood boron levels were recorded for each subject. Although the distribution of female and male subjects and blood boron levels were similar between groups, the mean age of normal subjects was significantly lower than the others (p = 0.002). There was a significant relationship between age and quantitative values of body mass index for each subject (β = 0.24; p = 0.003). In addition, between blood boron levels and quantitative values of body mass index for each subject, a significant reverse relationship was detected (β = -0.16; p = 0.043). Although age seemed to be an important variable for blood boron level and body mass index, blood boron levels were shown to be lower in obese subjects in comparison to non-obese subjects.

Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Boron; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity

A novel nutritional supplement complex (N21 #125) composed of four well-known compounds (chromium picolinate, phosphatidylserine, docosahexaenoic acid, and boron) was designed to improve memory function and maintain brain health. The present study evaluated the complex's potential mechanism of action and its role in reducing oxidative stress in the brain of obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD).. Male Wistar rats (n = 40, 8-week-old) were divided into four groups. Group I was fed a standard diet; Group II was fed a standard diet and supplemented with N21 } Group III was fed an HFD; and Group IV was fed an HFD and supplemented with N21 #125 for 12 weeks.. Rats fed HFD had greater serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and brain malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations than rats fed the control diet. Supplementation of N21 #125 decreased CRP, TNF-α, and MDA concentration in rats fed HFD. The levels of brain nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase, extracellular signal-regulated kinases and protein kinase B were lower in rats fed the control diet than for rats fed the HFD. These parameters were increased by supplementation of N21 #125.. The data indicate that N21 #125 protected the brain from oxidative damage and inflammation induced by the HFD. This effect may be through up-regulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 expression.

Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Antioxidants; Boron; Brain; C-Reactive Protein; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; Dietary Fats; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Heme Oxygenase-1; Iron Chelating Agents; Male; Malondialdehyde; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylserines; Picolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Trace Elements; Transcription Factor RelA; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The quality of the diet of obese children is poor. Eating habits may alter micronutrient status in obese patients. In this study, we determined the serum levels of selenium, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, iron, copper, beryllium, boron, chromium, manganese, cobalt, silver, barium, aluminum, nickel, cadmium, mercury, and lead in obese Turkish children. Thirty-four obese and 33 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum vanadium and cobalt levels of obese children were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.244 ± 0.0179 vs. 0.261 ± 0.012 μg/l, p < 0.001, and 0.14 ± 0.13 vs. 0.24 ± 0.15 μg/l, p = 0.011, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups regarding the other serum trace element levels. In conclusion, there may be alterations in the serum levels of trace elements in obese children and these alterations may have a role in the pathogenesis of obesity.

Topics: Adolescent; Aluminum; Barium; Beryllium; Boron; Cadmium; Calcium; Child; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Female; Humans; Iron; Magnesium; Male; Manganese; Mercury; Molybdenum; Nickel; Obesity; Selenium; Silver; Strontium; Trace Elements; Vanadium; Zinc