Page last updated: 2024-11-06

triforine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Triforine is a fungicide that was developed by the company E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and introduced in 1966. It is a member of the morpholine class of fungicides and acts as a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor. Triforine is effective against a wide range of fungal diseases, including powdery mildew, rusts, and leaf spots. It is typically applied as a foliar spray to protect plants from infection. Triforine has a moderate to low level of toxicity to mammals and is considered to be relatively safe for use in agriculture. However, it is important to follow the label instructions carefully and to wear appropriate protective clothing when handling this product. Triforine is used to protect a wide range of crops, including fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. It is also used to treat fungal infections of turfgrass. Triforine is often used in combination with other fungicides to provide broader spectrum control. Triforine is still used in some parts of the world, but its use has declined in recent years due to the development of more effective and less toxic fungicides. The effects of triforine are studied in order to understand its mode of action, its environmental fate, and its potential risks to human health and the environment. Research on triforine has led to the development of new and improved fungicides that are more effective, safer, and more environmentally friendly.'

triforine: structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

triforine : A member of the class of N-alkylpiperazines in which the two amino groups of piperazine are replaced by 1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl groups. A fungicide active against a range of diseases including powdery mildew, scab and rust. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID33565
CHEMBL ID453418
CHEBI ID9715
SCHEMBL ID23278
MeSH IDM0059715

Synonyms (68)

Synonym
w 524
biformylchlorazin
cela-w 524
ca 70203
ca 73021
cw 524
1,2,2-trichloroethyl)piperazine
piperazine,4-bis(1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-
nsc263493
cela 50
biformychlorazin
funginex
saprol
nsc-263493
n,4-piperazinediylbis(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)]bis(formamide)
triforin
n,2,2-trichloroethyl)piperazine
formamide,n'-[1,4-piperazinediylbis(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)]bis-
1,4-bis(1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)piperazine
n,n'-(piperazinediylbis(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)) bis(formamide)
brn 0626358
caswell no. 890aa
n,n'-bis(1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)piperazine
n,n'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis((trichloromethyl)methylene))diformamide
formamide, n,n'-(1,4-piperazinediylbis(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene))bis-
nsc 263493
triforine [ansi:bsi:iso]
n,n'-(1,4-piperazinediylbis(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)) bisformamide
cela w 524
cme 74770
epa pesticide chemical code 107901
einecs 247-872-0
1,4-bis(2,2,2-trichloro-1-formamidoethyl)piperazine
piperazine, 1,4-bis(1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-
n,n'-(1,4-piperazinediylbis(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene))bisformamide
n,n'-(1,4-piperazinediyl-bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyldene))bis(formamide)
hsdb 6743
26644-46-2
triforine
NCGC00164301-01
n-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[4-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-formamidoethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]formamide
chebi:9715 ,
CHEMBL453418
dtxcid3012654
tox21_302268
NCGC00255254-01
cas-26644-46-2
dtxsid5032654 ,
unii-n1a4w8u0hh
n1a4w8u0hh ,
5-23-01-00042 (beilstein handbook reference)
1,4-bis(1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-piperazine
SCHEMBL23278
n,n'-(piperazin-1,4-diylbis(2,2,2-trichlorethan-1,1-diyl))diformamid
triforine [iso]
triforine [hsdb]
1, 4-bis(1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)piperazine
triforine [mi]
n,n'-(1,4-piperazindiylbis(2,2,2-trichlor-1,1-ethandiyl))diformamid
n,n'-[piperazine-1,4-diylbis(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)]diformamide
n-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[4-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-formamido-ethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]formamide
triforin, pestanal(r), analytical standard
J-016504
Q2453158
5-acetylaminoisophthalicacid
AKOS040744482
CS-0014149
HY-B2056
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (3)

RoleDescription
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitorAn EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase).
allergenA chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
antifungal agrochemicalAny substance used in acriculture, horticulture, forestry, etc. for its fungicidal properties.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
N-alkylpiperazine
formamidesAmides with the general formula R(1)R(2)NCHO (R(1) and R(2) can be H).
organochlorine compoundAn organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
amide fungicideCompounds that contain an amide group as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (6)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
pregnane X receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency44.66840.025127.9203501.1870AID651751
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.21260.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243; AID1259247; AID743035; AID743063
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency61.64480.000817.505159.3239AID1159527
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.98720.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982; AID720659
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.37620.001723.839378.1014AID743083
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.63790.000627.21521,122.0200AID651741
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (19)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1112256Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Iso-2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112261Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Mel-2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112257Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum N(12)2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112269Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe J-3 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112255Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila F (12)2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112265Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila F (12)2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112260Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe J-3 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112271Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Kat-1 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112270Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Mel-2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112263Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Q assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112259Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum G(s)-1 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112254Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Q assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112267Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum N(12)2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112266Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum M (13)8 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112268Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum G(s)-1 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112258Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum M (13)8 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID1112262Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Kat-1 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
AID376577Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as zone of inhibition2000Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 63, Issue:8
A new 2D-TLC bioautography method for the discovery of novel antifungal agents To control plant pathogens.
AID1112264Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Iso-2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr2012Pest management science, May, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (13)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19904 (30.77)18.7374
1990's1 (7.69)18.2507
2000's4 (30.77)29.6817
2010's3 (23.08)24.3611
2020's1 (7.69)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 27.91

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index27.91 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.83 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.62 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index60.21 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index4.00 (0.95)

This Compound (27.91)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other16 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]