Compounds > iopentol
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

iopentol

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID56016
CHEMBL ID2104783
CHEBI ID135893
SCHEMBL ID24471
MeSH IDM0151714

Synonyms (34)

Synonym
iopentolum [latin]
IOPENTOL ,
imagopaque
n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-(n-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl)acetamido)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
1,3-benzenedicarboxamide, 5-(acetyl(2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl)amino)-n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-
iopentol (usan/inn)
D04582
89797-00-2
CHEBI:135893
5-[acetyl-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl)amino]-1-n,3-n-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
7d6xwx076t ,
cpd. 5411
iopentolum
unii-7d6xwx076t
iopentol [usan:inn:ban]
FT-0627282
cpd-5411
CHEMBL2104783
SCHEMBL24471
iopentol [mart.]
iopentol [inn]
iopentol [usan]
iopentol [who-dd]
iopentol [mi]
n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[n-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
IUNJANQVIJDFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1-n,3-n-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[n-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboximidic acid
Q6063892
DB13861
MS-31552
DTXSID40869032
CS-0377801
HY-142121
iodixanol related compound d(50 mg)(5-[acetyl(2-hydroxy-3-methylpropyl)amino]-n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benze-nedicarboxamide)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Iopentol is a new non-ionic, water-soluble ratio 3.0 roentgen contrast medium (CM) for vascular use. It induced a short-lasting imbalance of the microcirculation already in vascular regions not affected by atherosclerosis.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Iopentol-350 is a high-viscous Xray contrast medium and induced a short-lasting imbalance of the microcirculation already in vascular regions not affected by atherosclerosis."( Influence of a radiographic contrast media (Iopentol) with different viscosities on capillary perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease.
Franke, RP; Gerk, U; Jung, F; Mrowietz, C, 2013)		1.37
"Iopentol was shown to be a safe and effective contrast medium in examinations of children."( A double-blind CT study comparing the safety and efficacy of iopentol and ioxaglate in paediatric patients.
Baraton, J; Lallemand, D; Nantois, C; Porée, C; Sayegh, N; Skinningsrud, K, 1996)		1.26
"Iopentol is a new non-ionic contrast medium. "( Pharmacokinetics of iopentol in healthy volunteers.
Andrew, E; Jørgensen, NP; Koksvik, B; Skinnemoen, K; Waaler, A, 1987)		2.04
"Iopentol is a new non-ionic monomeric intravascular radiologic contrast medium which is undergoing clinical trials. "( Effect of iopentol on acetylcholinesterase activity and thrombin time. Comparative studies.
Dawson, P, 1987)		2.12
"Iopentol is a new nonionic, water-soluble ratio 3.0 roentgen contrast medium (CM) for vascular use. "( Clinical trial program for iopentol. A new nonionic ratio 3.0 contrast medium with emphasis on clinical phases I and II.
Andrew, E; Bach-Gansmo, T; Holager, T; Jakobsen, J; Kruger Hagen, E; Lambrechts, M; Moxnes, A; Waaler, A, 1988)		2.01

Toxicity

Both iopentol and ioxaglate are effective and safe contrast media for use in knee arthrography, but iopENTol induces less postprocedural pain.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The low osmolar, non-ionic X-ray contrast media have shown a lower frequency of adverse events than the older ionic ones."( Safety and tolerability of iodixanol in healthy volunteers with reference to two monomeric X-ray contrast media.
Borch, KW; Jørgensen, NP; Kristiansen, AB; Kristoffersen, DT; Lundby, B; Nossen, JO; Theodorsen, L, 1992)		0.28
" Adverse events, hemodynamic parameters, and clinical chemical parameters in the blood and urine were recorded."( Safety and toleration of the non-ionic contrast medium iopentol. An intravenous phase I trial.
Aakhus, T; Andrew, E; Hagve, TA; Haider, T; Holager, T; Jakobsen, JA; Waaler, A, 1989)		0.52
" Approximate intravenous LD50 values in mice have been determined for the remaining compounds."( Synthesis, analysis and toxicity of some compounds which may be formed during the synthesis of iopentol.
Aulie Michelet, A; Berg, A; Dugstad, H; Fagervoll, R, 1987)		0.49
" Serious adverse events did not occur in either group."( Image quality and safety in pediatric urography using an ionic and a non-ionic iodinated contrast agent.
Brekke, O; Kristofferssen, DT; Mortensson, W; Nybonde, T; Wahlgren, H, 1994)		0.29
" There was a total of 18 patients who reported adverse events other than sensations of heat or cold, 6 (13%) in the iopentol group and 12 (27%) in the ioxaglate group."( A double-blind CT study comparing the safety and efficacy of iopentol and ioxaglate in paediatric patients.
Baraton, J; Lallemand, D; Nantois, C; Porée, C; Sayegh, N; Skinningsrud, K, 1996)		0.74
"3%) experienced one or more adverse events."( Iopentol (Imagopaque) in vascular procedures. A multi-centre monitoring trial assessing adverse events and diagnostic information--results from 3,587 patients in Germany.
Grynne, BH; Henseke, P; Muth, CP, 1997)		1.74
" Safety was evaluated by registering adverse events (AEs) reported by the patients, and data were analysed using a multiple factor model."( Evaluation of iopentol (Imagopaque 350) in CT enhancement. A multi-centre monitoring trial assessing adverse events and diagnostic information--results from 1,823 patients in France.
Bunouf, P; Lambrechts, M; Menuet, JF; Oxaal, M, 1997)		0.66
" Specifically, frequency of adverse events (AEs), subjective change in quality of diagnostic information, and quantitative enhancement characteristics were compared."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 300) compared with iopromide (Ultravist 300) in abdominal CT. A multi-centre monitoring trial assessing adverse events and diagnostic information--results from 518 patients in Spain.
Encina, JL; Martí-Bonmatí, L; Rodríguez, V; Ronchera-Oms, CL, 1997)		1.74
" No adverse events were observed among the children below 1 year of age."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 300) compared with iohexol (Omnipaque 300) and diatrizoate (Urografin 292) in pediatric urography. A clinical trial assessing adverse events and diagnostic information.
Brekke, O; Lanning, P, 1997)		1.74
" There were no statistically significant differences between numbers of patients reporting adverse events nor number of patients reporting discomfort in the two groups."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 350) compared with iohexol (Omnipaque 350) in pediatric cardioangiography. A clinical trial assessing adverse events, ECG, blood pressure and diagnostic information.
De Greef, D; Kunnen, M; Skinningsrud, K, 1997)		1.74
" ECG, blood pressure, heart rate, adverse events and efficacy were evaluated."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 300) compared with iopromide (Ultravist 300) in pediatric angiocardiography. A clinical trial assessing adverse events, ECG and diagnostic information.
Aggoun, Y; Iserin, L; Kachaner, J; Piéchaud, JF; Skinningsrud, K, 1997)		1.74
" Safety was assessed by monitoring serum pancreatic iso-amylase and by recording adverse events."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 250) compared with diatrizoate (Urografin 219) in endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). A clinical trial assessing safety (adverse events and S-pancreatic iso-amylase) and diagnostic information (VAS).
Bjartveit, K; Brock, A; Kruse, A; Nowakowska-Duawa, E; Rodenberg, J, 1997)		1.74
" Other adverse events and radiographic efficacy were also evaluated."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 300) compared with ioxaglate (Hexabrix 320) in knee arthrography. A clinical trial assessing immediate and late adverse events and diagnostic information.
Brekke, O; Railhac, JJ, 1997)		1.74
" Immediate adverse events were recorded up to 30 min post-injection, and late adverse events, including knee pain and swelling, up to 4 days after the examination (by using a patient questionnaire)."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 300) compared with ioxaglate (Hexabrix 320) in knee arthrography. A clinical trial assessing immediate and late adverse events and diagnostic information.
Brekke, O; Railhac, JJ, 1997)		1.74
" Adverse events up to 30 min after the examination, and late adverse events other than knee pain, were reported by similar numbers of patients in the two contrast medium groups."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 300) compared with ioxaglate (Hexabrix 320) in knee arthrography. A clinical trial assessing immediate and late adverse events and diagnostic information.
Brekke, O; Railhac, JJ, 1997)		1.74
"Both iopentol and ioxaglate are effective and safe contrast media for use in knee arthrography, but iopentol induces less postprocedural pain."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 300) compared with ioxaglate (Hexabrix 320) in knee arthrography. A clinical trial assessing immediate and late adverse events and diagnostic information.
Brekke, O; Railhac, JJ, 1997)		2.25
" Safety was evaluated by assessing the numbers of patients reporting immediate adverse events (up to 30 min after injection) and delayed adverse events (within 7 days after the examination)."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 350) compared with diatrizoate (Urografin 370) in cerebral CT. A clinical trial assessing immediate and late (7 days) adverse events and diagnostic information (visualization quality and Hounsfield unit measurements).
Jakobsen, JA; Klaveness, AJ; Valentine, A, 1997)		1.74
" Two patients (5%) in each group reported contrast-related adverse events other than a sensation of heat, while three patients in the iopentol group and four in the iohexol group reported procedure-related adverse events."( Iopentol (Imagopaque 300 and 350) compared with iohexol (Omnipaque 300 and 350) in cerebral and aortic arch angiography. A clinical trial assessing adverse events and diagnostic information.
Bjartveit, K; Ericsson, K, 1997)		1.94

Pharmacokinetics

iopentol 350 mg I/ml was administered intravenously to healthy male volunteers at 3 dose levels (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg) The pharmacokinetic properties and potential metabolism of iopentOL have been investigated after intravenous injection in rats.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Mean elimination half-life was 28."( Pharmacokinetics of iopentol in patients with chronic renal failure.
Berg, KJ; Kolmannskog, F; Lillevold, PE; Nordal, KP; Ressem, L; Svaland, MG, 1992)		0.61
"The pharmacokinetic properties and potential metabolism of iopentol have been investigated after intravenous injection in rats."( Pharmacokinetics of iopentol in the rat.
Michelet, AA; Skinnemoen, K, 1987)		0.84
" In order to study the pharmacokinetic properties, iopentol 350 mg I/ml was administered intravenously to healthy male volunteers at 3 dose levels (0."( Pharmacokinetics of iopentol in healthy volunteers.
Andrew, E; Jørgensen, NP; Koksvik, B; Skinnemoen, K; Waaler, A, 1987)		0.85

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The dosage of contrast medium (350 mg I/ml) was 700 mg I/kg body weight."( Renal effects of iopentol and iohexol after intravenous injection.
Berg, KJ; Jakobsen, JA; Kolbenstvedt, AN, 1991)		0.62
" In the case of iopentol, a dose-response study was performed, 1 ml x 3 and 4 ml x 3 being also tested."( The influence of non-ionic contrast media on the endothelium of small arteries. A comparison of metrizamide, iohexol and iopentol.
Stjernquist, U; Wieslander, JB, 1987)		0.83
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
amidobenzoic acid
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (103)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199026 (25.24)18.7374
1990's57 (55.34)18.2507
2000's15 (14.56)29.6817
2010's5 (4.85)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.00

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index21.00 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.04 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.40 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index23.28 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (21.00)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials41 (36.28%)5.53%
Reviews5 (4.42%)6.00%
Case Studies4 (3.54%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other63 (55.75%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		1.9910alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		1.9710tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		3.8221diatomic iodinenutrient
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.7721isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		6.0684acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		5.7883monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		1.9810pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		1.9810chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		7.69193organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		10.524116benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iomeprol
iomeprol: structure given in first source. iomeprol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.		4.6432benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		7.19113dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iotrolan
iotrolan: nonionic, isotonic contrast medium designed for intrathecal use; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; DL-3-117 refers to stereoisomer; structure given in first source		2.6830organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		1.9910benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.3711amidobenzoic acid
ioxaglate
Ioxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.. ioxaglic acid : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.		5.3272benzenedicarboxamide;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
ioxilan
[no description available]		3.1710amidobenzoic acid
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		3.3711C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
mannitol
[no description available]		1.9810mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
methylglucamine metrizoate
methylglucamine metrizoate: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.3811
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		1.9810f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		3.3611N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		12.93155benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iobitridol
[no description available]		3.5220benzenedicarboxamide;
hexol;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
delphinidin
Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.		1.9910anthocyanidin chloride
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		2.44202-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		1.9810iditolfungal metabolite
technetium tc 99m pentetate
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.		3.3711
metrizamide
Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.		6.9710amino sugar
butylscopolammonium bromide
Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.		1.9910
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		1.9810gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		1.9910peptide hormone
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		3.3911
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		1.9910
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.4420
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.4420
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.4420
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.7430
Chylopericardium
[description not available]		02.0710
Cardiac Tamponade
Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.		02.0710
Pericardial Effusion
Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.		02.0710
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0710
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		02.0710
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		02.0810
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		07.0810
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		05.5732
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		05.5732
Anuria
Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.		03.411
Oliguria
Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.		03.411
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		03.411
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.0210
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0210
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		07.0210
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.4220
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.0210
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.4220
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.0210
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		02.0210
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.0210
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		02.0210
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.4220
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		02.4220
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.4220
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		03.821
Thoracic Diseases
Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.		01.9810
Thoracic Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.		01.9810
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		03.3711
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		03.3711
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		03.3711
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		04.8442
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		03.3711
E coli Infections
[description not available]		01.9910
Abscess, Hepatic
[description not available]		01.9910
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		01.9910
Liver Abscess
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.		01.9910
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		01.9910
Breathlessness
[description not available]		01.9910
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		01.9910
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		01.9910
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.3711
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		04.8542
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		04.8542
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		01.9910
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		01.9910
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		03.3711
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		03.3711
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		01.9910
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		01.9910
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		01.9910
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		01.9910
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		01.9910
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		01.9910
Air Embolism
[description not available]		01.9910
Hives
[description not available]		03.3811
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		03.3811
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		03.3811
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		03.3811
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		03.3811
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		03.3811
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		03.3811
Joint Pain
[description not available]		03.3811
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		03.3811
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		03.3811
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		03.3811
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		03.3811
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		03.3811
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		04.721
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		04.721
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		04.311
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		04.721
Exanthem
[description not available]		0210
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		0210
Itching
[description not available]		0210
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		0210
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		0210
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		0210
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		0210
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		0210
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		03.3811
Renal Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		02.0110
Renal Artery Obstruction
Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).		02.0110
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		03.3611
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		07.3720
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		01.9710
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		01.9710
Drop Attack
[description not available]		01.9710
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		01.9710