primuline profile

primuline: a fluorescent terbenzothiazole; do not confuse with a malvidin anthocyanin which sometimes uses a similar name; transported retrogradely through axons to the neuronal soma [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

primuline : An organic sodium salt having 2'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl[2,6'-bi-1,3-benzothiazole]-7-sulfonate as the counterion. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	3769888
CHEMBL ID	3974381
CHEBI ID	90399
SCHEMBL ID	95545
MeSH ID	M0109111

Synonym
primuline
10360-31-3
c.i. direct yellow 59, monosodium salt
nsc143368
primuline, dye content 50 %
P0603
sodium 2-[2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl]-6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-7-sulfonate
einecs 233-781-3
(2,6'-bibenzothiazole)-7-sulfonic acid, 2'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1)
(2,6'-bibenzothiazole)-7-sulfonic acid, 2'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl-, monosodium salt
sodium 2'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl(2,6'-bibenzothiazole)-7-sulphonate
nsc 143368
[2,6'-bibenzothiazole]-7-sulfonic acid, 2'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl-, monosodium salt
SCHEMBL95545
DTXSID1065051
sodium 2'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl[2,6'-bibenzothiazole]-7-sulfonate
AKOS024370845
CHEMBL3974381
CHEBI:90399
sodium 2'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl[2,6'-bi-1,3-benzothiazole]-7-sulfonate
mfcd00005798
sodium;2-[2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl]-6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-7-sulfonate
Q7243701
sodium 2/'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl[2,6/'-bibenzothiazole]-7-sulphonate
primuline ,

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Phototoxicity consists in the capability of certain innocuous molecules to become toxic when subjected to suitable illumination."	( Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay. Bianchi, JI; Blázquez-Castro, A; Buzz, LI; Buzzi, LI; Simonetta, SH; Stockert, JC, 2015)	0.42

Role	Description
histological dye	A dye used in microscopic or electron microscopic examination of cells and tissues to give contrast and to highlight particular features of interest, such as nuclei and cytoplasm.
fluorochrome	A fluorescent dye used to stain biological specimens.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
organic sodium salt
organosulfonate salt	Any organic salt prepared using an organosulfonic acid as the acid component.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (6)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1330626	Inhibition of Cy5-labeled dT15 DNA binding to Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (con1) NS3 helicase DNA by fluorescence polarization assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Computer-aided identification, synthesis and evaluation of substituted thienopyrimidines as novel inhibitors of HCV replication.
AID1330625	Inhibition of protease domain lacking Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (con1) C-terminal His-tagged NS3 helicase ATP hydrolysis activity using ATP as substrate preincubated followed by substrate addition measured after 15 mins in absence of poly U RNA by mal	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Computer-aided identification, synthesis and evaluation of substituted thienopyrimidines as novel inhibitors of HCV replication.
AID1459836	Inhibition of HCV NS3 helicase DNA unwinding activity using fluorescent DNA substrate by molecular beacon assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	In silico identification, design and synthesis of novel piperazine-based antiviral agents targeting the hepatitis C virus helicase.
AID1436686	Inhibition of Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b NS3 helicase unwinding activity using fluorescent DNA substrate by molecular beacon assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Shape-based virtual screening, synthesis and evaluation of novel pyrrolone derivatives as antiviral agents against HCV.
AID1330624	Inhibition of protease domain lacking Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (con1) C-terminal His-tagged NS3 helicase ATP hydrolysis activity using ATP as substrate preincubated followed by substrate addition measured after 15 mins in presence of poly U RNA by ma	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Computer-aided identification, synthesis and evaluation of substituted thienopyrimidines as novel inhibitors of HCV replication.
AID1330623	Inhibition of Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (con1) full length C-terminal His-tagged NS3 helicase expressed in Escherichia coli Rosette(DE3) assessed as inhibition of 5'-Cy5/3'-IAbRQ-labeled DNA unwinding activity by molecular beacon assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Computer-aided identification, synthesis and evaluation of substituted thienopyrimidines as novel inhibitors of HCV replication.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	12 (44.44)	18.7374
1990's	3 (11.11)	18.2507
2000's	3 (11.11)	29.6817
2010's	9 (33.33)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	31 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	2.83	3	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	1.96	1	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	1.96	1	indoles	fluorochrome
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	1.96	1	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
thiazoles [no description available]	4.51	24	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	1.97	1	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.11	1	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	2	1	bis(azo) compound
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.07	1	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2.04	1	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.11	1	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	1.97	1	anthocyanidin chloride
c.i. direct red 80 Solophenyl red 3BL: structure in first source. Sirius red F3B : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of Sirius red F3B (acid form) with six equivalents of sodium hydroxide. A polyazo dye used principally in staining methods for collagen and amyloid.	2	1	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
nuclear yellow nuclear yellow: RN from 10th CI, Chem Subs Index; RN refers to tri-HCl	1.98	1
telaprevir [no description available]	2.54	2	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	1.96	1
eosine i bluish Eosine I Bluish: A red fluorescein dye used as a histologic stain. It may be cytotoxic, mutagenic, and inhibit certain mitochondrial functions.	2.11	1	organic sodium salt	fluorescent dye; histological dye
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2	1
LSM-20825 [no description available]	2.13	1	phenylpyridine

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	2.54	2
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	2.54	2
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	2.21	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.02	1
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.02	1
Rida [description not available]	2	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2	1

primuline

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (25)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (2)

Bioassays (6)

Research

Studies (27)

Study Types

primuline

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (25)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (2)

Bioassays (6)

Research

Studies (27)

Study Types

Related Drugs (19)

Related Conditions (7)