Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Nodding Syndrome

Unexplained neurologic condition characterized by episodes of atonic seizures, convulsions or staring spells with further cognitive decline.

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Nodding Syndrome

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Nodding syndrome is an epidemic symptomatic generalized epilepsy syndrome of unknown cause in Eastern Africa."( Idro, R; Namusoke, H; Odongkara-Mpora, B; Piloya-Were, T, 2014)
"Although nodding syndrome is a catastrophic epileptic encephalopathy, it is reported only from Africa so far."( Agarwal, N; Gera, R; Sehgal, R, 2018)
"First case of nodding syndrome is described from India where possible etiology is malnutrition."( Agarwal, N; Gera, R; Sehgal, R, 2018)
"Nodding syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy of nutritional origin beyond geographical barriers but amenable to anti-convulsants and nutritional rehabilitation."( Agarwal, N; Gera, R; Sehgal, R, 2018)
"Nodding syndrome is a highly debilitating, generalized seizure disorder, affecting children in subregions of sub-Saharan Africa."( Colebunders, R; Delahaye, L; Hotterbeekx, A; Idro, R; Mandro, M; Ogwang, R; Stove, CP; Velghe, S, 2020)

Research

Studies (18)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's13 (72.22)28.8240
2020's5 (27.78)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
acetylcarnitine0low10
3-hydroxykynurenine0low10
kynurenine0low10
pyridoxal phosphate0low10
carbamazepine0low10
valproic acid0low40
lorazepam0medium11
phenobarbital0low10
n-methylaspartate0low10
vitamin b 60low10
capsaicin0low10
zeranol0low10
zearalenol0low10
dextrothyroxine0low60

Protein Targets (196)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Kynureninase0001
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE2002
Chain A, HADH2 protein2002
Chain B, HADH2 protein2002
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase3003
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma3003
GLS protein2002
TDP1 protein4004
GLI family zinc finger 32002
Microtubule-associated protein tau4004
AR protein5005
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A13003
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)2002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 32002
progesterone receptor2002
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 13003
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha5005
pregnane X nuclear receptor3003
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha5005
67.9K protein2002
glucocerebrosidase2002
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta2002
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma3003
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor1001
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a4004
chromobox protein homolog 11001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 22002
mitogen-activated protein kinase 13003
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 13003
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)3003
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 13003
peripheral myelin protein 223003
survival motor neuron protein isoform d2002
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 11001
lamin isoform A-delta105005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2002
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10213
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit2002
Bile salt export pump0404
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 10101
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22002
Glutamate receptor 22103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32002
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62002
Cannabinoid receptor 2 0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma3003
Spike glycoprotein2002
D(2) dopamine receptor0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22002
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10101
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 20101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10214
GABA theta subunit2002
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 40011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2002
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20011
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase1001
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
acetylcholinesterase1001
USP1 protein, partial1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]4004
IDH11001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 23003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a2002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
geminin5005
Vpr1001
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40101
Bile salt export pump0202
Albumin0011
Major prion protein0011
Cellular tumor antigen p533003
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70103
Cytochrome P450 2B60011
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0102
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20202
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0202
Frizzled-80011
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10101
P2X purinoceptor 40101
Chain A, Ferritin light chain1001
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
endonuclease IV1001
thioredoxin reductase2002
nonstructural protein 12002
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 11001
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d3003
DNA polymerase beta2002
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase2002
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 41001
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Translocator protein0101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M11001
Glutamate receptor 10101
Glutamate receptor 30101
Glutamate receptor 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0214
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta0001
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase0101
P2X purinoceptor 10011
P2X purinoceptor 10101
P2X purinoceptor 40011
Trans-sialidase0101
Trans-sialidase0101
P2X purinoceptor 20011
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE1001
Luciferase1001
pregnane X receptor1001
farnesoid X nuclear receptor2002
Cocaine esterase0101
Histone deacetylase 30202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90001
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Cytochrome P450 2A60101
Tissue factor0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60001
Liver carboxylesterase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Histone deacetylase 40202
Histone deacetylase 10202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Histone deacetylase 70202
Histone deacetylase 20202
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100202
Histone deacetylase 11 0202
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
Ataxin-22002
Histone deacetylase 80202
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
Histone deacetylase 60202
Histone deacetylase 90202
Histone deacetylase 50202
glp-1 receptor, partial1001
90-kda heat shock protein beta HSP90 beta, partial0101
ATAD5 protein, partial1001
Smad31001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
heat shock protein beta-11001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20101
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha0001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Estrogen receptor beta0011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]