| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids | algal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite |
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid
[no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | glycerol monophosphate | algal metabolite;
human metabolite |
hydroquinone
[no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | benzenediol;
hydroquinones | antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent |
phenol
[no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
hexylresorcinol
[no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | resorcinols | |
kojic acid
[no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 4-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol | Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent |
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector |
resorcinol
resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | benzenediol;
phenolic donor;
resorcinols | erythropoietin inhibitor;
sensitiser |
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
butylphen
butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | phenols | allergen |
3-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-one
3-hydroxycoumarin: Photoprotective from sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells; structure in first source. hydroxycoumarin : Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | |
tocopherols
[no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | | |
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope;
mouse metabolite |
1-hydroxy-2(1h)-pyridinone
1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone: structure in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | | |
4-n-butylresorcinol
4-n-butylresorcinol: structure in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | resorcinols | |
mimosine
L-mimosine : An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 4-pyridones;
amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite |
arbutin
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative | Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite |
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger |
6-hydroxyindole
6-hydroxyindole: structure in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | | |
trans-4-coumaric acid
hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 4-coumaric acid | food component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite |
retinaldehyde
Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | retinal;
vitamin A | gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
phenylthiourea
Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | thioureas | EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor |
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger |
luteolin
[no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
esculetin
esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | antioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter |
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
methyl-p-coumarate
methyl-p-coumarate: structure in first source. 4-coumaric acid methyl ester : A cinnamate ester that is the methyl ester of 4-coumaric acid. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 4-coumaric acid methyl ester | |
3-hydroxyphloretin
3-hydroxyphloretin: compound from Formosan apple that reduces tyrosinase activity in human epidermal melanocytes; structure in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | chalcones | |
subamolide a
subamolide A: cytotoxic constituent of the stems of Cinnamomum subavenium; structure in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | | |
feruloyldopamine
feruloyldopamine: a dopamine metabolite isolated from tomatoes after infection by Pseudomonas syringae; structure in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | | |
bemotrizinol
[no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |