Page last updated: 2024-10-24

primary miRNA binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript, an RNA molecule that is processed into a short hairpin-shaped structure called a pre-miRNA and finally into a functional miRNA. Both double-stranded and single-stranded regions of a pri-miRNA are required for binding. [GOC:sl, PMID:15531877, PMID:15574589]

Primary miRNA binding, a critical step in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, involves the recognition and interaction of specific proteins with the nascent pri-miRNA transcript. This process initiates the formation of the microRNA processing complex, which ultimately leads to the production of mature miRNAs. The molecular function of primary miRNA binding can be broken down into the following key aspects:

1. **Pri-miRNA Recognition:** Specialized proteins, such as Drosha in animals and its plant counterpart, Dicer-like 1 (DCL1), bind to specific structural features within the pri-miRNA molecule. These features include the stem-loop structure formed by base pairing within the pri-miRNA transcript, as well as flanking sequences that provide additional recognition points.
2. **Complex Assembly:** The binding of these proteins to the pri-miRNA triggers the assembly of the microprocessor complex in animals or the DCL1 complex in plants. This complex is crucial for the efficient processing of pri-miRNAs.
3. **Cleavage and Release:** The microprocessor or DCL1 complex processes the pri-miRNA through a precise cleavage event, releasing a hairpin-shaped precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA). This cleavage is typically mediated by the RNase III endonuclease activity of Drosha or DCL1, respectively.
4. **Structural Transformation:** The interaction of the microprocessor or DCL1 complex with the pri-miRNA not only triggers cleavage but also induces a conformational change in the pri-miRNA. This conformational change facilitates the release of the pre-miRNA from the complex.
5. **Specificity and Regulation:** Primary miRNA binding is highly specific, ensuring that only the appropriate pri-miRNAs are selected for processing. This specificity is achieved through the recognition of specific sequence elements within the pri-miRNA and the interaction with specific proteins within the processing complex. The process of primary miRNA binding is tightly regulated, allowing cells to control the levels and types of miRNAs produced, thereby influencing gene expression in response to diverse cellular cues and developmental signals.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15910]Homo sapiens (human)
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3A signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P40763]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (38)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
niclosamideniclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.

Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48)
benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide
anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
oleanolic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
plant metabolite
nitazoxanidenitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrugbenzamides;
carboxylic ester
3-deazaneplanocin3-deazaneplanocin: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase antagonist
loganinbeta-D-glucoside;
cyclopentapyran;
enoate ester;
iridoid monoterpenoid;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
secondary alcohol
anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
tanshinonetanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agentabietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
tetrahydrocurcumintetrahydrocurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds.beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
polyphenol
metabolite
przewaquinone dprzewaquinone D: isolated from root of Salvia przewalskii; structure given in first source; RN given refers to the trans- isomer, przewaquinone D
cryptotanshinonecryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhizaabietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
ar-turmerone(+)-(S)-ar-turmerone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 2-methylhept-2-en-4-one substituted by a 4-methylphenyl group at position 6. It has been isolated from Peltophorum dasyrachis.

ar-turmerone: potent antivenom against snake bites; isolated form Curcuma longa; structure given in first source
enone;
sesquiterpenoid
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
swerosideglycoside
tanshinone ii atashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first sourceabietane diterpenoid
nsc 74859NSC 74859: inhibits Stat3 binding activity; structure in first source

S3I-201 : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.
amidobenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
tosylate ester
STAT3 inhibitor
telocinobufagintelocinobufagin: structuresteroid lactone
tizoxanidetizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first sourcesalicylamides
bardoxolone methylmethyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first sourcecyclohexenones
s-adenosylhomocysteineS-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.

S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.
adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide
cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
bisabololKamillosan: drug combination containing chamomile and bisabolol; used to treat dermatitissesquiterpenoid
ganoderic acid atriterpenoid
piplartinepiplartine: Antineoplastic Agent, Phytogenic; alkaloid from Piper; structure in first sourcecinnamamides;
dicarboximide
stattic1-benzothiophenes;
C-nitro compound;
sulfone
antineoplastic agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
STAT3 inhibitor
stx-0119STX-0119: antineoplastic; structure in first source
genistein7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
andrographolidecarbobicyclic compound;
gamma-lactone;
labdane diterpenoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol
anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
nifuroxazidenifuroxazide: structurebenzoic acids
hylin
2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source
5,15-diphenylporphine5,15-diphenylporphine: structure in first source
wp1066
azd 1480
bp-1-102BP-1-102: a STAT3 inhibitor; structure in first source
epz005687EPZ005687: inhibits EZH2 protein; structure in first sourceindazoles
epz-6438tazemetostat: a histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity
gsk-2816126GSK-2816126: inhibits EZH2 methyltransferase; structure in first sourcepiperazines;
pyridines
gsk343GSK343 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM).

GSK343: an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor
aminopyridine;
indazoles;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridone;
secondary carboxamide
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor
1-[(1R)-1-(1-ethylsulfonyl-4-piperidinyl)ethyl]-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2-methyl-3-indolecarboxamide(R)-1-(1-(1-(ethylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)-N-((4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide: EZH2 inhibitorindolecarboxamide
phaeosphaeride aphaeosphaeride A: inhibits STAT3-dependent signaling; structure in first source
hydrazinocurcuminhydrazinocurcumin : A pyrazole obtained by cyclocodensation of the two carbonyl groups of curcumin with hydrazine.

hydrazinocurcumin: structure in first source
aromatic ether;
olefinic compound;
polyphenol;
pyrazoles
angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor