Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate. [EC:2.7.1.4]
Fructokinase activity is a crucial step in the metabolism of fructose, a simple sugar found in fruits and honey. It involves the phosphorylation of fructose, converting it to fructose-6-phosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme fructokinase, which utilizes ATP as a phosphate donor. The process begins with fructose binding to the active site of the fructokinase enzyme. Upon binding, the enzyme undergoes a conformational change, facilitating the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to the hydroxyl group at the 6th carbon position of fructose, resulting in the formation of fructose-6-phosphate and ADP. This phosphorylation step is essential for several reasons:
* **Entering Glycolysis:** Fructose-6-phosphate is a key intermediate in glycolysis, the primary metabolic pathway for glucose breakdown. By phosphorylating fructose, fructokinase activity allows fructose to enter glycolysis and be utilized for energy production.
* **Regulation of Fructose Metabolism:** Fructokinase activity plays a crucial role in regulating fructose metabolism. The enzyme's activity can be influenced by factors such as substrate concentration, ATP levels, and allosteric regulation. This regulation helps to ensure that fructose is utilized efficiently and does not accumulate to harmful levels.
* **Metabolic Intermediates:** Fructose-6-phosphate serves as a precursor for various other metabolic pathways, including glycogen synthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
* **Tissue-Specific Roles:** Fructokinase activity is found in various tissues, with specific functions depending on the tissue. For example, in the liver, fructokinase activity plays a key role in fructose detoxification and metabolism.
Overall, fructokinase activity is an essential enzyme activity in fructose metabolism. It allows fructose to enter glycolysis and be utilized for energy production, regulates fructose metabolism, and provides essential metabolic intermediates. This activity contributes to the overall homeostasis and energy balance of the organism.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Hexokinase-4 | A hexokinase-4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P35557] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Hexokinase-2 | A hexokinase-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P52789] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| benserazide | benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. | carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound | antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| staurosporine | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector | |
| zm 241385 | ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor | diamino-1,3,5-triazine | |
| andrographolide | carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite | |
| ro-28-1675 | acetamides | ||
| piragliatin | piragliatin: glucokinase activator | ||
| pf-04991532 | |||
| pf-04937319 | N,N-dimethyl-5-((2-methyl-6-((5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbamoyl)benzofuran-4-yl)oxy)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide: a glucokinase activator; structure in first source | ||
| agi-5198 | AGI-5198: inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; structure in first source |