Silymarin is a complex mixture of flavonolignans extracted from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Its main components are silibinin, silidianin, and silicristin. Silymarin is not synthesized but is extracted from milk thistle plants. It has been studied extensively for its potential therapeutic effects, particularly for liver health. Silymarin has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. It is believed to protect the liver from damage caused by toxins, alcohol, and certain medications. It is also being investigated for its potential to treat other conditions, such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. Silymarin's importance stems from its potential as a natural therapeutic agent, particularly for liver health. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have made it a focus of research into various health conditions.'
| Flora | Rank | Flora Definition | Family | Family Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silybum | genus | [no description available] | Asteraceae | A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of daisy refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.[MeSH] |
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 5213 |
| CHEBI ID | 125451 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 678427 |
| MeSH ID | M0019873 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| MLS000028529 |
| smr000058272 |
| silimarin |
| C07610 |
| NCGC00089738-03 |
| NCGC00089738-02 |
| STK396325 |
| CHEBI:125451 |
| SR-01000000093-9 |
| sr-01000000093 |
| FT-0656490 |
| HMS1608M08 |
| AKOS000546856 |
| 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one |
| NCGC00018179-04 |
| NCGC00018179-02 |
| NCGC00018179-03 |
| HMS2232P05 |
| FT-0674587 |
| HMS3373N17 |
| HMS3372B20 |
| AKOS021984433 |
| SCHEMBL678427 |
| BBL027841 |
| SEBFKMXJBCUCAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]chroman-4-one |
| MLS006011786 |
| silmyarin |
| 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)chroman-4-one |
| Q27216069 |
| SR-01000000093-8 |
| HMS3656K09 |
| SR-01000000093-5 |
| SR-01000000093-7 |
| SR-01000000093-6 |
| silybin (7ci) |
| silibinin, inn |
| silybum substance e6 |
| 142796-20-1 |
| 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-4-one |
| VS-08600 |
| silymarin,(s) |
| silybin; silibinin a; silymarin i; silymarine i |
| BCP30337 |
| FT-0775414 |
| bdbm50218276 |
| (2r,3r)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[(2r)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one |
| SY067261 |
| 4h-1-benzopyran-4-one,2-[2,3-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydro-3,5,7-trihydroxy- |
| DTXSID00860287 |
| 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydro-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one |
| B0005-464964 |
| apihepar |
| laragon |
| silymarin group, mixture of isomers |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| flavonolignan | Any lignan condensed with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, Cruzipain | Trypanosoma cruzi | Potency | 26.6514 | 0.0020 | 14.6779 | 39.8107 | AID1476; AID1478 |
| acid sphingomyelinase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 100.0000 | 14.1254 | 24.0613 | 39.8107 | AID504937 |
| 15-lipoxygenase, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 0.0126 | 10.6917 | 88.5700 | AID887 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.8948 | 0.0008 | 11.3822 | 44.6684 | AID686978; AID686979 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 0.1800 | 13.5574 | 39.8107 | AID1460 |
| apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1 | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | Potency | 28.1838 | 0.7079 | 12.1943 | 39.8107 | AID720542 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 0.0013 | 7.7625 | 44.6684 | AID914; AID915 |
| glucocerebrosidase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 0.0126 | 8.1569 | 44.6684 | AID2101 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 0.0355 | 20.9770 | 89.1251 | AID504332 |
| lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 0.0366 | 19.6376 | 50.1187 | AID2100 |
| cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 0.3162 | 12.4435 | 31.6228 | AID924 |
| 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 0.0018 | 15.6638 | 39.8107 | AID894 |
| parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 3.5481 | 19.5427 | 44.6684 | AID743266 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.9290 | 0.0046 | 11.3741 | 33.4983 | AID624296 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 0.0316 | 10.2792 | 39.8107 | AID884; AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Integrin beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 0.3162 | 11.4157 | 31.6228 | AID924 |
| Integrin alpha-IIb | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 0.3162 | 11.4157 | 31.6228 | AID924 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1.9953 | 25.5327 | 50.1187 | AID624288 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID504810 | Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
| AID651635 | Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID1745845 | Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID504812 | Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID588519 | A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities | 2011 | Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3 | High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors. |
| AID540299 | A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21 | Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | 2014 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum. |
| AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | |||
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1 (11.11) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 6 (66.67) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (22.22) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (64.95) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 9 (100.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Double-blind Phase III Study With Silymarin in the Patients Infected With HCV Who Failed Conventional Antiviral Therapy [NCT01258686] | Phase 3 | 53 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Impact of Ursodeoxycholic Acid, Silymarin, Antioxidants and Colchicine on Fibrosis Regression in HCV After Achieving Sustained Virological Response [NCT03659058] | 400 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-02 | Completed | |||
| The Reno-protective and Cardiovascular Effect of Dextromethorphan and Silymarin in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease [NCT01091324] | Phase 3 | 45 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-masked, Placebo-controlled Phase II Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of a Standardized Orally Administered Silymarin Preparation (Legalon) for the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Who Failed Conventio [NCT00680342] | Phase 2 | 154 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| [NCT03130634] | Phase 4 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Study of Silymarin for Improving Hepatitis C [NCT01292161] | Phase 2 | 55 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Comparative Study Between the Effect of Isotretinoin, Silymarin and Their Combination in the Treatment of Patients With Acne Vulgaris [NCT05666765] | Phase 4 | 75 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Silymarin Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study [NCT02843451] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Focus on other studies) | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Orally Administered Silymarin Preparation (Legalon®) for the Treatment of Non-Cirrhotic Patients With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis [NCT00680407] | Phase 2 | 78 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Silymarin Treatment of Pathological Gambling: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study [NCT02337634] | Phase 2 | 43 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Observational, Single Arm, Prospective Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Legalon® in Addition to Diet and Exercise in Reducing Plasma Levels of Liver Enzymes [NCT05051527] | 362 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-08-08 | Recruiting | |||
| Topical Silymarin Cream Versus Salicylic Acid Peeling in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: Split Face Study [NCT04490967] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-04-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Cardioprotection of Silymarin for Patients Received Anthracycline Chemotherapy [NCT04434404] | Phase 4 | 83 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-09-10 | Completed | ||
| Real Life Experience in the Management of HCV Related Decompensated Cirrhosis With Direct Antiviral Agents [NCT03547895] | 80 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-06-01 | Completed | |||
| Clinical Assessment of the Benefits of the Combination Inuline, Choline and Silymarin in Mitigating the Symptomatology in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome [NCT03174561] | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-05-01 | Recruiting | |||
| The Possible Anticancer Effect of Silymarin in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy. [NCT05631041] | Phase 3 | 64 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-12-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Steady-State Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Green Tea Catechins and Silymarin Flavonolignans in Treatment Naïve Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection [NCT01018615] | Phase 1 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicentre, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Phase II/III Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of 280 mg and 420 mg Silymarin TID (Legalon® Capsules) Administered for Four Weeks in Subjects With Acute Viral Hepatitis With a Four Week [NCT00755950] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-10-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment) | ||
| A Pilot Study of Silymarin During Maintenance Therapy in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) [NCT00055718] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2001-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Topical Silymarin With Hydroquinone in the Treatment of Melasma [NCT03982849] | Phase 2 | 92 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-07-15 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Milk Thistle on the Pharmacokinetics of Indinavir [NCT00011635] | Phase 1 | 20 participants | Interventional | 2001-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Single and Multiple Dose Escalation Phase I Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Silymarin (Legalon) in Non-Cirrhotic Subjects With Chronic Hepatitis C or Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [NCT00389376] | Phase 1 | 56 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Antioxidant Enzyme Induction as a New Approach to Therapy in Patients With Asthma [NCT01049178] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-09-30 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funding) | ||
| A Pilot Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Designed to Determine the Tolerability and Efficacy of Silymarin (Milk Thistle) vs. Placebo for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in HIV Infected Patients [NCT00246363] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase II, Single-centre Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Silymarin 700 mg Capsules TID for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) [NCT02006498] | Phase 2 | 99 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Combined Therapy of Silymarin and Desferrioxamine in Patients With B-thalassemia Major: a Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial [NCT00999349] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 140 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Open Label, Randomized, 2 Way-crossover Study to Investigate the Absolute Bioavailability of Oral Sylibin [NCT02633696] | Phase 1 | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Paeoniflorin Combination of Hepatoprotective Drugs Versus Hepatoprotective Drugs Only for Treatment of Auto-immune Hepatitis [NCT02878863] | Phase 3 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-08-31 | Withdrawn | ||
| A Randomized, Single Center, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Silibinin (Legalon® SIL) in Combination With Ribavirin or With Peginterferon and Ribavirin, Versus Peginterferon and Ribavirin Based Standard of Care (SoC) in Treatment [NCT01871662] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-08-31 | Withdrawn | ||
| Evaluation of the Effects of a Nutraceutical Composition Containing Derivatives From Natural Products on the Modulation of the Endocrine Neuroimmune Axis - Translational Study. [NCT04810572] | 162 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-05-20 | Completed | |||
| Botanical/Drug Interactions in HIV: Glucuronidation [NCT00065741] | Phase 1 | 60 participants | Interventional | 2003-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Silymarin for Treatment of Acute Hepatitis In Egypt: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial [NCT00412763] | Phase 4 | 200 participants | Interventional | 2003-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of LEGALON SIL for the Treatment of HCV Recurrence in Stable Liver Transplanted Patients [NCT01518933] | Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-08-31 | Terminated(stopped due to when a blind review highlighted that at least 43% of patients had a virological response) | ||
| The Possible Protective Role of Silymarin Against Chemotherapy Induced Toxicities and Cognitive Impairment in Breast Cancer Patients [NCT05595109] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 56 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-28 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
| Evaluating Silymarin for Chronic Hepatitis C [NCT00030030] | Phase 2 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2000-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Pilot Biomarker Study of Oral Silybin-Phytosome Followed by Prostatectomy in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer [NCT00487721] | Phase 2 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Silymarin® - Efficacy in Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Controlled by Laboratory and and Elastographic Parameters [NCT02973295] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-09-20 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Sponsor withdrawn their agreement) | ||
| [NCT01752153] | Phase 1 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| The Efficacy of Silymarin on the Prevention of Hepatotoxicity From Antituberculosis Drugs [NCT01800487] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Phase 2-3 Study of Silymarin on Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity [NCT01829178] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Prophylactic Use of Silymarin on Hepatotoxicity Induced by Anti-tuberculosis Drugs [NCT01436929] | 600 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-09-30 | Recruiting | |||
| A Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter Trial Examining the Efficacy of Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate Combined With Garlic Oil in Patients With Transaminase Elevated Chronic Liver Disease [NCT02347319] | Phase 4 | 262 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Active-Control, Open Label, Phase IIIb Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of TONKA Compared With Silymarin (Legalon) for Lowering Hepatic Enzymes in Liver Function Disorder Patients With Moderate to High Elevated Liver [NCT03216668] | Phase 3 | 140 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-06-15 | Recruiting | ||
| Trial of Silymarin in Adults With COVID-19 Pneumonia [NCT04394208] | Phase 3 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-08-16 | Recruiting | ||
| Does Silymarin Mitigate Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Patients Admitted to an Internal Medicine Ward With Elevated Liver Enzymes? [NCT04816682] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-03-17 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Silymarin on the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery [NCT06114719] | Phase 3 | 160 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-01-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Efficacy of Silymarin in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - The SILIVER Trial: Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03749070] | 132 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-02-15 | Recruiting | |||
| The Efficacy and Safety of Ornithine Aspartic Acid Granules in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Against Silymarin Capsules: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Clinical Trial [NCT05042245] | Phase 4 | 240 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-04-26 | Recruiting | ||
| Topical Silymarin Versus Combined Topical Silymarin and Microneedling in Treatment of Melasma: Split Face Study [NCT05099601] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-05-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Silymarin Treatment of Trichotillomania in Children and Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study [NCT02473913] | Phase 2 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-03-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||