Page last updated: 2024-12-07

primin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Primin is a naturally occurring compound found in the roots of the primrose plant (Primula vulgaris). It is a potent allergen that is responsible for the contact dermatitis known as primrose eczema. Primin is a quinone derivative, and its synthesis involves several steps including oxidation and methylation of a precursor molecule. The compound is known to induce strong inflammatory responses in the skin, leading to redness, itching, and blisters. Its biological activity is attributed to its ability to bind to and activate immune cells, triggering the release of inflammatory mediators. Primin is studied to understand the mechanisms of allergic reactions and to develop new treatments for allergic contact dermatitis. It also serves as a model compound for studying the structure-activity relationships of allergens.'

primin: contact allergen found in the ornamental plant Primula obconica Hance [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

primin : A 1,4-benzoquinone having a methoxy substituent at the 2-position and a pentyl substituent at the 6-position. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Primula	genus	A plant genus of the family PRIMULACEAE. It can cause CONTACT DERMATITIS. SAPONINS have been identified in the root.[MeSH]	Primulaceae	A plant family of the order ERICALES, class MAGNOLIOPSIDA, with flowers having both stamens and pistil, producing encapsulated fruits.[MeSH]
Primula obconica	species	[no description available]	Primulaceae	A plant family of the order ERICALES, class MAGNOLIOPSIDA, with flowers having both stamens and pistil, producing encapsulated fruits.[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	84800
CHEMBL ID	451919
CHEBI ID	8413
SCHEMBL ID	362895
MeSH ID	M0063570

Synonyms (26)

Synonym
primin
15121-94-5
2-methoxy-6-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone
CHEBI:8413 ,
2-methoxy-6-pentyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
2-methoxy-6-n-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone
2-methoxy-6-n-pentyl-p-benzoquinone
2-methoxy-6-pentylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
CHEMBL451919
2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2-methoxy-6-pentyl-
unii-580ka9sg8w
580ka9sg8w ,
EPITOPE ID:131800
SCHEMBL362895
p-benzoquinone, 2-methoxy-6-pentyl-
DTXSID20164734 ,
mfcd00221604
dtxcid1087225
2-methoxy-6-pentylbenzoquinone
AKOS037514795
Q20054545
CS-0032289
HY-N6067
bdbm50555909
2-methoxy-6-phentyl-p-benzochinone
FS-7065

Research Excerpts

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

Role	Description
hapten	Any substance capable of eliciting an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein. Examples include dinitrophenols; oligosaccharides; peptides; and heavy metals.
metabolite	Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
antimicrobial agent	A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
antifeedant	A substance that prevents pests from feeding.
allergen	A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

Class	Description
1,4-benzoquinones	Any member of the class of benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone or its C-substituted derivatives.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Ovis aries (sheep)	IC50 (µMol)	18.9200	0.0003	2.1774	10.0000	AID1704051
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.3700	0.0001	1.6847	9.3200	AID1704054
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.9000	0.0001	0.9950	10.0000	AID1704052
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (88)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone mineralization	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic cell migration	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene A4 biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxin biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nematode	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fructose	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to manganese ion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathway	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
bone mineralization	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fever generation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic plasticity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin D	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heat	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to tumor necrosis factor	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of blood-brain barrier	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
hair cycle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cycle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
decidualization	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoid	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fatty acid	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lead ion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATP	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fluid shear stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuroinflammatory response	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to homocysteine	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to angiotensin	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (13)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 12(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (20)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear outer membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (51)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID358502	Cytotoxicity against mouse M109 cells	2001	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Isolation, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of bioactive benzoquinones from Miconia lepidota from the Suriname rainforest.
AID1091130	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.05 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 21 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091065	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.01 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 17 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID358501	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1353 assessed as concentration required to generate kill-zone of 12 mm in diameter after 72 hrs	2001	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Isolation, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of bioactive benzoquinones from Miconia lepidota from the Suriname rainforest.
AID1091085	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.05 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 6 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091066	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.05 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 17 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091081	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 9 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1704051	Inhibition of ovine COX-1 assessed as reduction in PGE2 level using 10 uM arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by ELISA	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Synthesis, inhibitory activity and in silico docking of dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors with quinone and resorcinol core.
AID1091070	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.01 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 13 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091067	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 17 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091087	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.5 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 6 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091121	Antifeedant activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as filter paper consumption measured 21 days post compound exposure (Rvb = 15.9 +/- 10.4 mg)	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091075	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.01 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 11 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091112	Antifeedant activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.01 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as filter paper consumption measured 21 days post compound exposure (Rvb = 44.6 +/- 0.0 mg)	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID358499	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1138 assessed as concentration required to generate kill-zone of 12 mm in diameter after 48 hrs	2001	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Isolation, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of bioactive benzoquinones from Miconia lepidota from the Suriname rainforest.
AID1704053	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for ovine COX-1 to IC50 for human recombinant COX-2	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Synthesis, inhibitory activity and in silico docking of dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors with quinone and resorcinol core.
AID1091095	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 11 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091131	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 21 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091114	Antifeedant activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as filter paper consumption measured 21 days post compound exposure (Rvb = 44.6 +/- 0.0 mg)	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091129	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.01 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 21 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091111	Antifeedant activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.001 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as filter paper consumption measured 21 days post compound exposure (Rvb = 44.6 +/- 0.0 mg)	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091064	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.001 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 17 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID358498	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae 7 assessed as concentration required to generate kill-zone of 12 mm in diameter	2001	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Isolation, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of bioactive benzoquinones from Miconia lepidota from the Suriname rainforest.
AID358500	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1140 assessed as concentration required to generate kill-zone of 12 mm in diameter after 48 hrs	2001	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Isolation, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of bioactive benzoquinones from Miconia lepidota from the Suriname rainforest.
AID1091069	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.001 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 13 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091078	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.001 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 9 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091082	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.5 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 9 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091072	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 13 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091084	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.01 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 6 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091068	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.5 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 17 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091083	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.001 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 6 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091080	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.05 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 9 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091092	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.5 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 11 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091096	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 3 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091086	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 6 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091074	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.001 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 11 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091113	Antifeedant activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.05 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as filter paper consumption measured 21 days post compound exposure (Rvb = 44.6 +/- 0.0 mg)	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091091	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.5 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 21 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091071	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.05 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 13 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1704052	Inhibition of human recombinant COX-2 assessed as reduction in PGE2 level using 10 uM arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by ELISA	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Synthesis, inhibitory activity and in silico docking of dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors with quinone and resorcinol core.
AID1091115	Antifeedant activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.5 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as filter paper consumption measured 21 days post compound exposure (Rvb = 44.6 +/- 0.0 mg)	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091076	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.05 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 11 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091077	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 11 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID358503	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells	2001	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Isolation, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of bioactive benzoquinones from Miconia lepidota from the Suriname rainforest.
AID1091094	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 1 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 21 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1704054	Inhibition of human recombinant 5-LOX assessed as reduction in LTB4 level using 800 uM arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 10 mins by ELISA	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	Synthesis, inhibitory activity and in silico docking of dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors with quinone and resorcinol core.
AID1091079	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.01 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 9 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091128	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.001 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 21 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1091073	Termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus placed on 0.5 % wt/wt compound treated filter paper assessed as termite mortality measured 13 days post compound exposure	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 56, Issue:11	Activity of 1,4-benzoquinones against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus).
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (33)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (9.09)	18.7374
1990's	12 (36.36)	18.2507
2000's	10 (30.30)	29.6817
2010's	5 (15.15)	24.3611
2020's	3 (9.09)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 44.22

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	44.22 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.58 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.92 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	65.76 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (44.22)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (2.86%)	6.00%
Case Studies	5 (14.29%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	29 (82.86%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	1.98	1	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.44	2	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	1.98	1	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone: ubiquinol analog. 6-decylubiquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,3-dimethoxybenzoquinone which has been substituted at positions 5 and 6 by decyl and methyl groups.	2.04	1	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	2.04	1	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
idebenone [no description available]	2.04	1	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ubiquinone q1 Ubiquinone Q1: interacts with iron atom to form acceptor quinone complex. ubiquinone-1 : A compound composed of the standard 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone nucleus common to ubiquinones; and a side chain of a single isoprenoid unit.	2.04	1	ubiquinones
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	7.44	2	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.08	1	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	1.98	1	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
2,5-dimethyl-4-benzoquinone [no description available]	2.04	1
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.04	1	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
olivetol olivetol: from cannabidiol by pyrolysis; structure. olivetol : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a pentyl group.	2.25	1	resorcinols	lichen metabolite
2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone cresoquinone: no further information available 6/2003	2.04	1
2-tert-butyl-4-quinone 2-tert-butyl-4-quinone: a metabolite of butylated hydroxyanisole ; structure given in first source	2.04	1
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	1.98	1	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
nickel sulfate nickel sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni(2+)-H2SO4. nickel sulfate : A metal sulfate having nickel(2+) as the metal ion.	1.98	1	metal sulfate	allergen
dexibuprofen dexibuprofen: structure in first source	2.25	1	ibuprofen	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.25	1	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
zileuton [no description available]	2.25	1	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source	2.04	1
ubiquinone-o 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone: from solid-cultured Antrodia camphorata; structure in first source. ubiquinone-0 : A derivative of benzoquinone carrying a 5-methyl substituent; and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. The core structure of the ubiquinone group of compounds.	2.04	1	ubiquinones	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
alantolactone alantolactone: allergenic sesquiterpene lactone; crystalline mixture of alantolactones from group of sesquiterpenes; structure. alantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3.	1.98	1	naphthofuran; olefinic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dehydrocostus lactone dehydrocostus lactone : An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone.	1.98	1	gamma-lactone; guaiane sesquiterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
adipostatin a adipostatin A: allergen from cashew nut shell oil; as adipostatin found as inhibitor of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Streptomyces; Also found in bees; do not confuse with cardol, RN 57486-25-6, MF unknown;. cardol : Resorcinol substituted at position 5 by a pentadecyl chain.	2.25	1	5-alkylresorcinol	EC 1.1.5.3 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
thymohydroquinone thymohydroquinone: structure	2.08	1
rapanone rapanone: antiparasitic agent from Rapanea; structure similar to embelin	2.04	1	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.44	2	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
miconidin miconidin: found in Primula; a precursor to primin; inhibits growth in Trypanosoma cruzi	2.73	3
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.44	2
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	1.98	1	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
ubiquinone q2 Ubiquinone Q2: interacts with iron atom to form acceptor quinone complex; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.04	1	ubiquinones
ubiquinone 9 ubiquinone 9: a form of coenzyme Q found in many foods; RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	2.04	1	ubiquinones	antioxidant; human metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.08	1	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	2.04	1	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
ubiquinone 6 [no description available]	2.04	1	ubiquinones	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
costunolide [no description available]	1.98	1
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	2	1	nystatins
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.25	1	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	2.25	1
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	2.25	1
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	9.02	14
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	2.21	1
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	2.21	1
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	4.02	14
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	4.15	6
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.1	1
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	4.15	6
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	2.44	2
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.05	1
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.05	1
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.05	1
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.05	1
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.05	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.03	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.03	1
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	3.08	5
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	3.08	5
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	2.9	4
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	1.99	1
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	1.99	1
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	1.99	1

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