| Compound | Description |
|---|
| hydrogen sulfite | |
| pyridoxine | The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). |
| 1-hydroxyethyl radical | |
| Linoleic Acid | A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed) |
| Palmitic Acid | A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. |
| guanosine monophosphate | A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature. |
| Nitric Oxide | A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP. |
| d-alpha tocopherol | |
| Thiamine Pyrophosphate | The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX. |
| thiamine pyrophosphate | The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX. |
| stearic acid | |
| Acetylglucosamine | The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine. |
| acetic acid | Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed) |
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. |
| adenine | A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES. |
| carbonates | Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) |
| uridine diphosphate | A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. |
| NADH | |
| benzoic acid | A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. |
| betaine hydrochloride | |
| cytidine diphosphate choline | Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. |
| Calcium | A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. |
| iron | A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN. |
| Carbon Dioxide | A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. |
| debrisoquin | An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism. |
| ebastine | |
| Phosphorylcholine | Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction. |
| Pyridoxal | The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. |
| Orthophosphate | |
| Dopamine Hydrochloride | |
| Glutathione Disulfide | A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. |
| galactose | An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood. |
| Trypsin | A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4. |
| Flavin Mononucleotide | A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. |
| retinol | |
| coenzyme q10 | Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins |
| estriol | A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, a large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol. |
| estrone | An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women. |
| uridine | A ribonucleoside in which RIBOSE is linked to URACIL. |
| thiamine | 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. |
| adenosine | A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. |
| fumaric acid | see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters |
| selenium | An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. |
| retinaldehyde | A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer. |
| oxomethylium | |
| acetylcarnitine | An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS. |
| Uridine Triphosphate | Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. |
| formaldehyde | A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717) |
| glycerol | A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, or sweetening agent. |
| inositol | An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction. |
| pregnenolone | A 21-carbon steroid, derived from CHOLESTEROL and found in steroid hormone-producing tissues. Pregnenolone is the precursor to GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS. |
| Sodium | A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. |
| niacinamide | An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. |
| niacin | A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. |
| 4-hydroxyphenylacetate | |
| ubiquinol | reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10 |
| deoxyguanosine | A nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose. |
| deoxyinosine | |
| 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate | RN given refers to parent cpd. |
| dihydrofolate | RN given refers to (L)-isomer |
| dihydroneopterin triphosphate | |
| deoxyinosine monophosphate | |
| 2'-deoxyinosine triphosphate | can be used an an alternative for dGTP |
| gdp-4-keto-6-deoxymannose | |
| guanine | |
| guanosine | A purine nucleoside that has guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play important roles in metabolism. (From Dorland, 28th ed) |
| inosinic acid | |
| trichloroethylene | A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment. |
| deoxyinosine diphosphate | |
| Guanosine Diphosphate | A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. |
| Inosine Triphosphate | Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP. |
| deoxyguanosine triphosphate | |
| succinyl-coenzyme A | |
| 5'-methylthioribose 1-phosphate | |
| preuroporphyrinogen | |
| 1,5-dihydro-FAD | chromophore component of E coli DNA photolyase |
| 5-hydroxykynuramine | RN given refers to parent cpd; structure |
| methacrylyl-coenzyme A | |
| p-hydroxybenzoate | |
| 2-phosphoglycerate | RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation |
| cobamamide | |
| SAICAR | adenosylsuccinase catalyzes its conversion to AICAR |
| linoleoyl-coenzyme A, (Z,Z)-isomer | |
| cyclic gmp | Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) |
| 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate | RN given refers to parent cpd. |
| hypoxanthine | A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway. |
| inosine | A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed) |
| dyspropterin | intermediate in biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin; structure given in first source |
| 5-methyltetrahydrofolate | |
| Inosine Diphosphate | An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. |
| N(5)-Formyltetrahydrofolate | |
| Guanosine Monophosphate | A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature. |
| Guanosine Diphosphate Fucose | A nucleoside diphosphate sugar formed from GDPmannose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls, and for blood group substances and other glycoproteins. |
| 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, ion (2-)-isomer | |
| Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose | A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis. |
| 25-hydroxycholesterol | |
| 5,6-dihydrothymine, (S)-isomer | |
| arachidic acid | |
| Pyruvic Acid | An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) |
| thymine | One of four constituent bases of DNA. |
| uracil | One of four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid RNA. |
| caprylates | Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure. |
| deoxycytidine | A nucleoside component of DNA composed of CYTOSINE and DEOXYRIBOSE. |
| deoxyuridine | 2'-Deoxyuridine. An antimetabolite that is converted to deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory suppression of deoxyuridine is used to diagnose megaloblastic anemias due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. |
| pristanal | structure given in first source |
| nad | A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| NADP | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| NADP | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| isopentenyl pyrophosphate | substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells |
| farnesyl pyrophosphate | a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation |
| Oxaloacetate | An anionic form of oxaloacetic acid. |
| Adenosine Diphosphate | Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. |
| 3-methoxytyramine | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| Quinolinate | |
| Thymidine Monophosphate | 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety. |
| acetaldehyde | A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis. |
| perhydroxyl radical, anion (1-) | |
| fixb protein, e coli | maybe involved in a redox process involved in nitrogen fixation; part of the fixABC region; amino acid sequence given in first source |
| geranyl diphosphate | structure in first source |
| acetylglucosamine | The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine. |
| betaine aldehyde | |
| formic acid | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| coumarin | effective in reducing edema following crush & thermal injury; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2547; Coumarin itself occurs in the Tonka bean |
| Carbamyl Phosphate | The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING). |
| 2-keto-4-methylvalerate | |
| 2-ketobutyrate | |
| glyoxylate | |
| Serotonin | A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. |
| 3-mercaptopyruvate | |
| 5'-methylthioadenosine | structure |
| dithiothreitol | A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols. |
| N-acetylmannosamine | RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation |
| pantetheine | An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms. |
| amylodextrins | |
| gulonolactone, (L)-isomer | |
| maltodextrin | |
| nicotinamide-beta-riboside | |
| 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde | the major product of L-tyrosine oxidation by activated human phagocytes |
| n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate | found in proteinase I from Dictyostelium discoideum |
| 1-methyl-delta(1)-pyrrolinium | RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; this iminium salt is a precursor to tropane alkaloids in some biosynthetic routes |
| 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a | RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation |
| 4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane | |
| n(1)-methylnicotinamide | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| 3-phenylpyruvate | |
| alpha-Ketoglutarate | |
| para-Tyramine | |
| 2,3-oxidosqualene | an oxidized derivative of SQUALENE that can fold in several ways: chair-boat-chair-boat to LANOSTEROL; chair-chair-chair-boat to dammarane; or all chair to hopane and on to cycloartenol; RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer |
| anthranilate | |
| itaconate | |
| glycolate | |
| Thioctic Acid | An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. |
| geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate | RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer |
| etiocholanolone | The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE. |
| cytosine | A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids. |
| cytidine | A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE. |
| hydrogen isocyanide | |
| dihydrouracil | |
| xanthosine | |
| dihydroxyacetone | A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent. |
| beta-tocopherol | A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites. |
| xylitol | A five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener. |
| Porphobilinogen | |
| 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | |
| trimethyllysine | stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer |
| Spermidine | A polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine. |
| gamma-glutamylalanine | RN given refers to (all-L)-isomer |
| alpha-glycerophosphoric acid | |
| Cytidine Monophosphate | Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position. |
| Deoxycytidine Monophosphate | Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions. |
| cyclic amp | An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH. |
| Bilirubin | A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME. |
| Cysteic Acid | Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather. |
| gamma-butyrobetaine | RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt |
| indole-3-acetaldehyde | |
| indoleacetic acid | RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841 |
| acetol | structure |
| pyruvaldehyde | An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals. |
| Cefsulodin | A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients. |
| PPIX | |
| Taurine Chenodeoxycholate | |
| hexadecanal | |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. |
| galactitol | A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of GALACTOSE. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in GALACTOSEMIAS, a deficiency of GALACTOKINASE. |
| xanthine | A purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine. The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives are used in medicine for their bronchodilator effects. (Dorland, 28th ed) |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde | |
| 1H-imidazole-4-acetaldehyde | |
| (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde | structure given in first source |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde | |
| 4'-phosphopantothenate | |
| Uridine Monophosphate | 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position. |
| 2'-deoxyuridylic acid | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| Cytidine Diphosphate | Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate. |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate | The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. |
| protoporphyrinogen | |
| coproporphyrinogen III | |
| Thromboxane A2 | An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS). |
| Deoxycytidine Monophosphate | Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions. |
| thymidine 5'-diphosphate | see also record for thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate, RN 2863-04-9 |
| deoxyadenosine diphosphate | RN given refers to parent cpd. |
| 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate | RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd |
| 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, (alpha-D-erythro)-isomer | |
| xanthosine monophosphate | |
| adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate | |
| ribose 1-phosphate, (alpha-D)-isomer | |
| lanosterol | A triterpene that derives from the chair-boat-chair-boat folding of 2,3-oxidosqualene. It is metabolized to CHOLESTEROL and CUCURBITACINS. |
| isocitrate | |
| s-adenosylmethionine | Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed) |
| Coenzyme A | |
| lauroyl-coenzyme A | |
| Peremin | |
| deoxythymidine diphosphate-glucose | structure given in first source |
| Ethacridine | A topically applied anti-infective agent. |
| CDP ethanolamine | |
| diadenosine tetraphosphate | |
| S-tetradecanoyl-coenzyme A | |
| Selenocysteine | A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid. |
| Leukotriene C4 | The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990) |
| mannose 1-phosphate | |
| octanoyl-coenzyme A | |
| Biliverdine | 1,3,6,7-Tetramethyl-4,5-dicarboxyethyl-2,8-divinylbilenone. Biosynthesized from hemoglobin as a precursor of bilirubin. Occurs in the bile of AMPHIBIANS and of birds, but not in normal human bile or serum. |
| deoxyuridine triphosphate | |
| deoxyadenosine diphosphate | RN given refers to parent cpd. |
| acetylgalactosamine | The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine. |
| thymidine 5'-triphosphate | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| Cytidine Triphosphate | Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. |
| 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate | RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd |
| adenosine diphosphate glucose | Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants. |
| Emetine | The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS. |
| Spermine | A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure. |
| acetoacetyl CoA | |
| Acetyl Coenzyme A | Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. |
| dephosphocoenzyme A | |
| isobutyryl-coenzyme A | |
| isovaleryl-coenzyme A | |
| 4-coumaroyl-coenzyme a | structure given in first source |
| Dihydroergocristine | A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position of the molecule. |
| butyryl-coenzyme A | |
| glutaryl-coenzyme A | |
| Palmitoyl Coenzyme A | A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis. |
| Malonyl Coenzyme A | A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. |
| propionyl-coenzyme A | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| stearoyl-coenzyme A | |
| nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide | intermediate in the biosynthesis of NAD |
| AICA ribonucleotide | purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity |
| Glucosamine | |
| decaprenyl phosphate | required for membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis |
| nicotinate mononucleotide | |
| orotidylic acid | structure |
| glycerate 1,3-biphosphate | |
| sphinganine | |
| dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate | RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*))-isomer |
| xanthosine 5'-triphosphate | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide | A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) |
| uridine diphosphate n-acetylgalactosamine | A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides. |
| 6-phosphogluconolactone | an electrophilic compound |
| deoxyuridine triphosphate | |
| Adenosine Phosphosulfate | 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. Synonyms: adenosine sulfatophosphate; APS. |
| Adenosine Monophosphate | Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. |
| 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| Heme | The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins. |
| isothiocyanic acid | |
| methylammonium ion | |
| glycerylphosphorylcholine | A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) |
| hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde | |
| zymosterol | a 4,14-desmethyl intermediate between LANOSTEROL and CHOLESTEROL |
| phenylacetaldehyde | |
| 10-formyltetrahydrofolate | |
| creatinine | |