Pathways > Phenytoin (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway
Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Phenytoin (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway

Proteins (69)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Sodium/calcium exchanger 1Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange protein 1; Solute carrier family 8 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunitTissue-specific extinguisher 1; TSE1Homo sapiens (human)
Protein disulfide-isomerase A4EC 5.3.4.1; Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 70; ER protein 70; ERp70; Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 72; ER protein 72; ERp-72; ERp72Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 1A2EC 1.14.14.1; CYPIA2; Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P(3)450; Cytochrome P450 4; Cytochrome P450-P3; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152Homo sapiens (human)
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 3A4EC 1.14.14.1; 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase; 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.56; Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming); 1.14.14.73; Albendazole sulfoxidase; CYPIIIA3; CYPIIIA4; Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P450 3A3; CytochromeHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2C9 EC 1.14.14.1; (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.53; (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.51; (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.52; CYPIIC9; Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P-450MP; Cytochrome P450 MP-4; Cytochrome P450 MP-8; Cytochrome P45Homo sapiens (human)
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6UDPGT 1-6; UGT1*6; UGT1-06; UGT1.6; EC 2.4.1.17; Phenol-metabolizing UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-F; UGT-1F; UGT1F; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2C19EC 1.14.14.1; (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.53; (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.51; (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.52; CYPIIC17; CYPIIC19; Cytochrome P450-11A; Cytochrome P450-254C; Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating); 1.14.Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4GIRK-4; Cardiac inward rectifier; CIR; Heart KATP channel; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir3.4; IRK-4; KATP-1; Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 5Homo sapiens (human)
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Eag homolog; Ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel 1; ERG-1; Eag-related protein 1; Ether-a-go-go-related protein 1; H-ERG; hERG-1; hERG1; Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv11.1Homo sapiens (human)
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CCalcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide, isoform 1, cardiac muscle; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav1.2Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaSodium channel protein cardiac muscle subunit alpha; Sodium channel protein type V subunit alpha; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.5; hH1Homo sapiens (human)
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2SERCA2; SR Ca(2+)-ATPase 2; EC 7.2.2.10; Calcium pump 2; Calcium-transporting ATPase sarcoplasmic reticulum type, slow twitch skeletal muscle isoform; Endoplasmic reticulum class 1/2 Ca(2+) ATPaseHomo sapiens (human)
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir6.1; Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 8; uKATP-1Homo sapiens (human)
Protein disulfide-isomerase A2EC 5.3.4.1; Pancreas-specific protein disulfide isomerase; PDIpHomo sapiens (human)
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1CAB1; Calcium channel voltage-dependent subunit beta 1Homo sapiens (human)
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1GCav3.1c; NBR13; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav3.1Homo sapiens (human)
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1HLow-voltage-activated calcium channel alpha1 3.2 subunit; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav3.2Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2E1EC 1.14.14.1; 4-nitrophenol 2-hydroxylase; 1.14.13.n7; CYPIIE1; Cytochrome P450-JHomo sapiens (human)
Beta-1 adrenergic receptorBeta-1 adrenoreceptor; Beta-1 adrenoceptorHomo sapiens (human)
NADEC 1.6.5.2; Azoreductase; DT-diaphorase; DTD; Menadione reductase; NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1; Phylloquinone reductase; Quinone reductase 1; QR1Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alphaPKA C-alpha; EC 2.7.11.11Homo sapiens (human)
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5HPCN1; Voltage-gated potassium channel HK2; Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv1.5Homo sapiens (human)
Tropomyosin alpha-1 chainAlpha-tropomyosin; Tropomyosin-1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Sulfonylurea receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
Epoxide hydrolase 1 EC 3.3.2.9; Epoxide hydratase; Microsomal epoxide hydrolase; mEHHomo sapiens (human)
Catechol O-methyltransferaseEC 2.1.1.6Homo sapiens (human)
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase BPPIase B; EC 5.2.1.8; CYP-S1; Cyclophilin B; Rotamase B; S-cyclophilin; SCYLPHomo sapiens (human)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Sulfonylurea receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
Ryanodine receptor 2RYR-2; RyR2; hRYR-2; Cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor; Cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor-calcium release channel; Type 2 ryanodine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Inward rectifier potassium channel 4HIRK2; HRK1; Hippocampal inward rectifier; HIR; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir2.3; IRK-3; Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 4Homo sapiens (human)
Kv channel-interacting protein 2KChIP2; A-type potassium channel modulatory protein 2; Cardiac voltage-gated potassium channel modulatory subunit; Potassium channel-interacting protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiPEC 3.6.4.10; 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein; GRP-78; Binding-immunoglobulin protein; BiP; Heat shock protein 70 family protein 5; HSP70 family protein 5; Heat shock protein family A member 5; Immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-4 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Sodium pump subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2Homo sapiens (human)
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9UGT1A9; EC 2.4.1.17; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9; UDPGT 1-9; UGT1*9; UGT1-09; UGT1.9; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-I; UGT-1I; UGT1I; lugP4Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-1 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Sodium pump subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-3 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha(III) subunit; Sodium pump subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Adhesion molecule in glia; AMOG; Sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Delayed rectifier potassium channel subunit IsK; IKs producing slow voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta Mink; Minimal potassium channelHomo sapiens (human)
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 UGT1A1; EC 2.4.1.17; Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 1; hUG-BR1; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1; UDPGT 1-1; UGT1*1; UGT1-01; UGT1.1; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1GIRK-1; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir3.1; Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 3Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-2 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Sodium pump subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1IKs producing slow voltage-gated potassium channel subunit alpha KvLQT1; KQT-like 1; Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv7.1Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase subunit beta-3; ATPB-3Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaNa(+)/K(+) ATPase subunit gamma; FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 2; Sodium pump gamma chainHomo sapiens (human)
Inward rectifier potassium channel 2Cardiac inward rectifier potassium channel; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir2.1; IRK-1; hIRK1; Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11IKATP; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir6.2; Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 11Homo sapiens (human)
Protein disulfide-isomerase A6EC 5.3.4.1; Endoplasmic reticulum protein 5; ER protein 5; ERp5; Protein disulfide isomerase P5; Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 7Homo sapiens (human)
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv4.3Homo sapiens (human)
Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4Homo sapiens (human)
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4UGT1A4; EC 2.4.1.17; Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 2; hUG-BR2; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4; UDPGT 1-4; UGT1*4; UGT1-04; UGT1.4; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-D; UGT-1D; UGT1DHomo sapiens (human)
Cardiac phospholambanPLBHomo sapiens (human)
Beta-2-syntrophin59 kDa dystrophin-associated protein A1 basic component 2; Syntrophin-3; SNT3; Syntrophin-like; SNTLHomo sapiens (human)
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 29ERp29; Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 28; ERp28; Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 31; ERp31Homo sapiens (human)
Putative Dol-P-Glc:Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferaseEC 2.4.1.256; Alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase ALG10-A; Alpha-2-glucosyltransferase ALG10-B; Asparagine-linked glycosylation protein 10 homolog B; Potassium channel regulator 1Homo sapiens (human)
Potassium channel subfamily K member 1Inward rectifying potassium channel protein TWIK-1; Potassium channel K2P1; Potassium channel KCNO1Homo sapiens (human)
Tropomyosin beta chainBeta-tropomyosin; Tropomyosin-2Homo sapiens (human)
Disks large homolog 1Synapse-associated protein 97; SAP-97; SAP97; hDlgHomo sapiens (human)
Alpha-1-syntrophin59 kDa dystrophin-associated protein A1 acidic component 1; Pro-TGF-alpha cytoplasmic domain-interacting protein 1; TACIP1; Syntrophin-1Homo sapiens (human)
Beta-1-syntrophin59 kDa dystrophin-associated protein A1 basic component 1; DAPA1B; BSYN2; Syntrophin-2; Tax interaction protein 43; TIP-43Homo sapiens (human)
Stromal cell-derived factor 2-like protein 1SDF2-like protein 1; PWP1-interacting protein 8Homo sapiens (human)
DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 11APOBEC1-binding protein 2; ABBP-2; DnaJ protein homolog 9; ER-associated DNAJ; ER-associated Hsp40 co-chaperone; Endoplasmic reticulum DNA J domain-containing protein 3; ER-resident protein ERdj3; ERdj3; ERj3p; HEDJ; Human DnaJ protein 9; hDj-9; PWP1-inteHomo sapiens (human)
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 2MinK-related peptide 1; Minimum potassium ion channel-related peptide 1; Potassium channel subunit beta MiRP1Homo sapiens (human)
HYOU1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Endoplasmin Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)

Compounds (18)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
Orthophosphate
phenytoinAn anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.
CalciumA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Adenosine TriphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
uridine diphosphateA uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.
potassiumAn element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
SodiumA member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
5-phenyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hydantoin glucuronidemetabolite of phenytoin
5-(3,4-dihydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-5-phenylhydantoinmetabolite of phenytoin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoinmetabolite of phenytoin
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acidA nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.
hydroxyphenytoinmain metabolite of diphenylhydantoin; reduces Na(+) inhibition at high Na:K ratios; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure
s-adenosylmethioninePhysiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
creolinfrom refined coal tar oils
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