protein O-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-serine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine, or UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-threonine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-threonine. [GOC:jsg, GOC:sart, PMID:22158438]

O-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity catalyzes the transfer of an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) molecule from a donor substrate, such as UDP-GlcNAc, to an acceptor molecule, typically a hydroxyl group on a protein. This process is known as O-GlcNAcylation, a type of glycosylation. O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible and dynamic modification that occurs in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, protein trafficking, transcription, and cell cycle control.

The enzyme responsible for O-GlcNAcylation is O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which is highly conserved across eukaryotes. OGT recognizes specific target proteins based on their amino acid sequence and cellular context. The GlcNAc moiety attached to the protein can be removed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA), another highly conserved enzyme.

The molecular function of O-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating cellular responses to diverse stimuli. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes.
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (6)