positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:krc]

Positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose is a complex biological process involving the interplay of various signaling pathways and transcription factors. It is a key mechanism by which cells respond to changes in glucose availability, adjusting gene expression to meet metabolic needs.

**Glucose sensing and signaling:**
- Glucose enters the cell through glucose transporters.
- Glucose metabolism generates ATP and NADPH.
- Elevated levels of ATP and NADPH activate various sensor proteins, including AMPK and mTOR.
- AMPK is a kinase that is activated by low energy levels and inhibits anabolic pathways.
- mTOR is a kinase that is activated by high energy levels and promotes anabolic pathways.

**Transcription factor regulation:**
- Glucose signaling pathways activate transcription factors, such as SREBP-1c, ChREBP, and CREB.
- SREBP-1c is a master regulator of lipogenesis, promoting the expression of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.
- ChREBP is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in glucose metabolism, including glycolysis and lipogenesis.
- CREB is a transcription factor that is activated by cAMP, which is generated through the PKA pathway.

**RNA polymerase II recruitment and initiation:**
- Activated transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences, known as promoters, located upstream of target genes.
- The binding of transcription factors recruits RNA polymerase II to the promoter.
- RNA polymerase II then initiates transcription, producing mRNA molecules that encode proteins involved in glucose metabolism and other cellular processes.

**Specific examples of genes regulated by glucose:**
- **Glucose transporter genes (GLUTs):** Glucose transporters facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells.
- **Glycolytic enzymes:** These enzymes catalyze the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.
- **Lipogenic enzymes:** These enzymes promote the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol.
- **Insulin receptor gene:** Insulin promotes glucose uptake and utilization.

**Overall, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose ensures that cells respond appropriately to changes in glucose availability, maintaining energy homeostasis and supporting cell growth and function.**'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (18)