Page last updated: 2024-10-06
Nicotine Action Pathway
Proteins (38)
| Protein | Synonyms | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium channel subunit beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A | 5-HT-1A; 5-HT1A; G-21; Serotonin receptor 1A | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | |
| Cytochrome P450 2B6 | EC 1.14.13.-; 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase; CYPIIB6; Cytochrome P450 IIB1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| D(1A) dopamine receptor | Dopamine D1 receptor | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter | SERT; 5HT transporter; 5HTT; Solute carrier family 6 member 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | |
| Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor; Alpha-1A adrenoceptor; Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor; Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | M-OR-1; MOR-1; Mu opiate receptor; Mu opioid receptor; MOP; hMOP | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 | Homo sapiens (human) | |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 | CAB1; Calcium channel voltage-dependent subunit beta 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A | Brain calcium channel I; BI; Calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide isoform 4; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav2.1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 | Sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase subunit beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Cytochrome P450 2A6 | EC 1.14.13.-; 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase; CYPIIA6; Coumarin 7-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P450 IIA3; Cytochrome P450(I) | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter | Norepinephrine transporter; NET; Solute carrier family 6 member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter | DA transporter; DAT; Solute carrier family 6 member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 | GluN1; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1; N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1; NMD-R1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A | GluN2A; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1; N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2A; NMDAR2A; NR2A; hNR2A | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 | Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv4.2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha | Peripheral nerve sodium channel 3; PN3; hPN3; Sodium channel protein type X subunit alpha; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.8 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Neuroendocrine convertase 2 | NEC 2; EC 3.4.21.94; KEX2-like endoprotease 2; Prohormone convertase 2; Proprotein convertase 2; PC2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Kv channel-interacting protein 2 | KChIP2; A-type potassium channel modulatory protein 2; Cardiac voltage-gated potassium channel modulatory subunit; Potassium channel-interacting protein 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 | Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-4 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Sodium pump subunit alpha-4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 | Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 | UGT1A9; EC 2.4.1.17; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9; UDPGT 1-9; UGT1*9; UGT1-09; UGT1.9; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-I; UGT-1I; UGT1I; lugP4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 | Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-1 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Sodium pump subunit alpha-1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 | Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-3 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha(III) subunit; Sodium pump subunit alpha-3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 | Adhesion molecule in glia; AMOG; Sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase subunit beta-2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 | Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-2 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Sodium pump subunit alpha-2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 | Sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase subunit beta-3; ATPB-3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma | Na(+)/K(+) ATPase subunit gamma; FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 2; Sodium pump gamma chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Aldehyde oxidase | EC 1.2.3.1; Aldehyde oxidase 1; Azaheterocycle hydroxylase; 1.17.3.- | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A | GluN3A; N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3A; NMDAR3A; NR3A; NMDAR-L | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Beta-endorphin | Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel) | |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 | UGT1A4; EC 2.4.1.17; Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 2; hUG-BR2; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4; UDPGT 1-4; UGT1*4; UGT1-04; UGT1.4; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-D; UGT-1D; UGT1D | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 | EC 1.14.13.8; EC 1.14.14.73; Dimethylaniline oxidase 3; FMO II; FMO form 2; Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3; FMO 3; Trimethylamine monooxygenase; 1.14.13.148 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Pro-opiomelanocortin | POMC; Corticotropin-lipotropin | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (28)
| Compound | Description |
|---|---|
| hydronium ion | |
| Orthophosphate | |
| Calcium | A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. |
| NADH | |
| Norepinephrine | Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. |
| uridine diphosphate | A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. |
| Dopamine | One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action. |
| formaldehyde | A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717) |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials. |
| potassium | An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. |
| nicotine | Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. |
| Sodium | A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. |
| Water | A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) |
| Oxygen | An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. |
| nornicotine | agricultural or horticultural insecticide; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure |
| uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid | A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones. |
| nicotine n-glucuronide | a metabolite of nicotine |
| cotinine N-glucuronide | structure given in first source; a major urinary metabolite of nicotine |
| Cotinine | The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties. |
| nicotine 1-n-oxide | RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer |
| norcotinine | RN given refers to compound without isomeric designation; metabolite of cotinine |
| nicotine imine | RN given refers to 11C-labeled (S)-isomer |
| Serotonin | A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. |
| NAD | A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| cotinine-N-oxide | metabolite of nicotine; structure |
| creolin | from refined coal tar oils |