Page last updated: 2024-10-06

superpathway of tryptophan utilization

Proteins (42)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B11UDPGT 2B11; EC 2.4.1.17Homo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2EC 1.2.1.3; EC 1.2.1.94; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 10; Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase; Microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2U1Long-chain fatty acid omega-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.80Homo sapiens (human)
2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde decarboxylaseEC 4.1.1.45; Picolinate carboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrialGCD; EC 1.3.8.6Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2S1EC 1.14.14.-; CYPIIS1; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152; Thromboxane-A synthase; 5.3.99.5Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 1A2EC 1.14.14.1; CYPIA2; Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P(3)450; Cytochrome P450 4; Cytochrome P450-P3; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152Homo sapiens (human)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AEC 1.4.3.4; Monoamine oxidase type A; MAO-AHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2C19EC 1.14.14.1; (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.53; (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.51; (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.52; CYPIIC17; CYPIIC19; Cytochrome P450-11A; Cytochrome P450-254C; Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating); 1.14.Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetaseEC 6.3.5.1; NAD(+) synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]; NAD(+) synthetaseHomo sapiens (human)
Enoyl-CoA hydratase, mitochondrialEC 4.2.1.17; Enoyl-CoA hydratase 1; Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase; SCEHHomo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1A3 ST1A3; EC 2.8.2.1; Aryl sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4; Catecholamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase; HAST3; M-PST; Monoamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase; Placental estrogen sulfotransferase; Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4; Sulfotransferase, monoamine-preferHomo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1A2ST1A2; EC 2.8.2.1; Aryl sulfotransferase 2; Phenol sulfotransferase 2; Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 2; P-PST 2Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2A6EC 1.14.13.-; 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase; CYPIIA6; Coumarin 7-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P450 IIA3; Cytochrome P450(I)Homo sapiens (human)
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1EC 1.1.1.2; EC 1.1.1.372; EC 1.1.1.54; Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]; Aldehyde reductase; Glucuronate reductase; 1.1.1.19; Glucuronolactone reductase; 1.1.1.20Homo sapiens (human)
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1IDO-1; EC 1.13.11.52; Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BEC 1.4.3.4; Monoamine oxidase type B; MAO-BHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 1B1EC 1.14.14.1; CYPIB1; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152Homo sapiens (human)
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2IDO-2; EC 1.13.11.-; Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein 1; Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrialEC 1.2.1.3; ALDH class 2; ALDH-E2; ALDHIHomo sapiens (human)
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1EC 1.14.16.4; Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 1Homo sapiens (human)
KynureninaseEC 3.7.1.3; L-kynurenine hydrolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 4X1EC 1.14.14.-; CYPIVX1Homo sapiens (human)
Serotonin N-acetyltransferaseSerotonin acetylase; EC 2.3.1.87; Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase; AA-NATHomo sapiens (human)
Nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1NMN/NaMN adenylyltransferase 1; EC 2.7.7.1; EC 2.7.7.18; Nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1; NMN adenylyltransferase 1; Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1; NaMN adenylyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductaseCPR; P450R; EC 1.6.2.4Homo sapiens (human)
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenaseTDO; EC 1.13.11.11; Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophan oxygenase; TO; TRPO; Tryptophan pyrrolase; TryptophanaseHomo sapiens (human)
Kynurenine formamidaseKFA; KFase; EC 3.5.1.9; Arylformamidase; N-formylkynurenine formamidase; FKFHomo sapiens (human)
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenaseEC 1.14.13.9; Kynurenine 3-hydroxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BEC 1.1.1.105; Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B; Alcohol dehydrogenase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseAADC; EC 4.1.1.28; DOPA decarboxylase; DDCHomo sapiens (human)
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrialEC 2.3.1.9; Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; T2Homo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 6EC 1.1.1.1Homo sapiens (human)
3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenaseEC 1.13.11.6; 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase; 3-HAO; h3HAO; 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid dioxygenase; HADHomo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1A1ST1A1; EC 2.8.2.1; Aryl sulfotransferase 1; HAST1/HAST2; Phenol sulfotransferase 1; Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 1; P-PST 1; ST1A3; Thermostable phenol sulfotransferase; Ts-PSTHomo sapiens (human)
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2EC 1.14.16.4; Neuronal tryptophan hydroxylase; Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 2Homo sapiens (human)
Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferaseEC 2.1.1.4; Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase; HIOMTHomo sapiens (human)
Probable 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component DHKTD1, mitochondrialEC 1.2.4.2; Dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolicEC 2.3.1.9; Acetyl-CoA transferase-like protein; Cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating]EC 2.4.2.19; Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase [decarboxylating]; QAPRTase; QPRTaseHomo sapiens (human)
Nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3NMN/NaMN adenylyltransferase 3; Nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3; NMN adenylyltransferase 3; Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3; NaMN adenylyltransferase 3; 2.7.7.18; Pyridine nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3; PNAT-3; 2.7.7.1Homo sapiens (human)
Nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2NMN/NaMN adenylyltransferase 2; EC 2.7.7.1; EC 2.7.7.18; Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2; NMN adenylyltransferase 2; Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 2; NaMN adenylyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (56)

CompoundDescription
diphosphoric acid
hydronium ion
CobaltA trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.
uridine diphosphateA uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.
NADH
Ammonium
ironA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
ChromiumA trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
IronA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
chlorineAn element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.
ZincA metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
picolinate
formaldehydeA highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)
Hydrogen PeroxideA strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
potassiumAn element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
melatoninA biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.
SodiumA member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
5-hydroxytryptamine o-sulfatefound in superfusates of rat spinal cord; RN given refers to hydrogen sulfate ester
2-(3'-(5'-hydroxyindolyl)methyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acidmetabolite of 5-hydroxytryptamine; structure given in first source
tryptophol
methoxytryptophol
adenosine monophosphateAdenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
n-acetyl-n-formyl-5-methoxykynurenaminemetabolite of melatonin; structure in first source
5-methoxytryptamineSerotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.
6-hydroxymelatonin
formate
CadmiumAn element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
n-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenaminemelatonin brain metabolite
SerotoninA biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
glutamate
Quinolinate
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
CysteineA thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.
polyglutamineRN given for (D)-isomer
indole-3-acetaldehyde
hydroxytryptophol5-Hydroxy-indole-3-ethanol.
5-methoxyindoleacetic acidserotonin metabolite
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate
s-adenosylmethioninePhysiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
Coenzyme A
acetoacetyl CoA
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
glutaconyl-coenzyme A
glutaryl-coenzyme A
nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotideintermediate in the biosynthesis of NAD
nicotinate mononucleotide
Flavin-Adenine DinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
hemeThe color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.
hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde
n-acetylserotonin