ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]

Ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process is a fundamental biological process that involves the synthesis, modification, and degradation of ribonucleoside diphosphates (NDPs). NDPs are essential building blocks for RNA synthesis and play crucial roles in various cellular functions, including energy metabolism, signal transduction, and DNA replication. This process involves a series of enzymatic reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes, each with a unique substrate specificity and reaction mechanism.

The biosynthesis of NDPs begins with the synthesis of ribose 5-phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate via the pentose phosphate pathway. Ribonucleotides are then synthesized from ribose 5-phosphate through a series of steps involving the addition of a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. These reactions are catalyzed by enzymes such as ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase.

Once synthesized, NDPs can be modified through various reactions, including phosphorylation to generate triphosphates (NTPs), dephosphorylation to generate monophosphates (NMPs), and interconversion between different bases. These reactions are essential for maintaining cellular nucleotide pools and regulating various metabolic pathways.

The degradation of NDPs occurs through a series of enzymatic reactions that break down the molecule into its constituent components: a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and inorganic phosphate. These reactions are catalyzed by enzymes such as nucleoside diphosphokinase, nucleotidase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular function and prevent imbalances in nucleotide pools. This regulation is achieved through various mechanisms, including feedback inhibition, allosteric regulation, and the activity of specific transcription factors.

Disruptions in ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process can lead to a variety of human diseases, including cancer, immune deficiency, and neurological disorders. Therefore, understanding this process is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for these diseases.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (5)