Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22065602]
Cellular response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide is a complex biological process that involves the coordinated action of multiple cellular systems to detect, process, and respond to changes in the levels of pyrimidine ribonucleotides. These nucleotides, specifically cytidine monophosphate (CMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), and thymidine monophosphate (TMP), are essential building blocks for DNA and RNA synthesis.
The process begins with the detection of changes in pyrimidine ribonucleotide levels by specific cellular sensors. These sensors can be enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, such as CTP synthase or UMP synthase, or dedicated signaling pathways like the TOR (target of rapamycin) pathway.
Upon sensing changes in pyrimidine ribonucleotide levels, cells initiate a cascade of downstream signaling events. These events can involve:
- **Activation of transcription factors:** Changes in pyrimidine levels can trigger the activation of specific transcription factors, such as the pyrimidine biosynthesis regulator, URE2, in yeast, or the transcription factor ATF4, which plays a role in the unfolded protein response. These transcription factors then regulate the expression of genes involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis, salvage pathways, and other cellular processes.
- **Regulation of enzyme activity:** Pyrimidine ribonucleotide levels can directly modulate the activity of enzymes involved in their own metabolism. For example, the enzyme UMP synthase is inhibited by the product of its reaction, UMP, providing a feedback mechanism to control pyrimidine synthesis.
- **Alteration of cellular metabolism:** Changes in pyrimidine levels can affect overall cellular metabolism. For example, a reduction in pyrimidine levels can lead to a slowdown in DNA replication and cell growth.
The cellular response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide changes is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Disruptions in this process can contribute to various cellular dysfunctions and diseases, such as cancer, immune disorders, and neurological disorders.
This detailed description highlights the multifaceted nature of cellular response to pyrimidine ribonucleotides, involving intricate signaling cascades, metabolic regulation, and gene expression changes.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| P2Y purinoceptor 6 | A P2Y purinoceptor 6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q15077] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| suramin | suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| uridine diphosphate | Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cytidine diphosphate | Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate. | cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| uridine triphosphate | Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| uridine diphosphate glucose | UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism. Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids. | UDP-D-glucose | fundamental metabolite |
| diquafosol | diquafosol: purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonist P(1),P(4)-bis(uridin-5'-yl) tetraphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-uridinyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions. | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | mouse metabolite; P2Y2 receptor agonist |
| phosphoribofuranosylbarbituric acid | |||
| uridine 5'-tetraphosphate | |||
| TTP | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | ||
| 2-methylthio-atp | 2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source | ||
| 5-bromouridine triphosphate | 5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having 5-bromouracil as the pyrimidine component. | organobromine compound; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | |
| denufosol tetrasodium | |||
| denufosol tetrasodium | denufosol tetrasodium: for treatment of cystic fibrosis | ||
| 4-thiouridylic acid | |||
| acid blue 25 | |||
| guanosine diphosphate | Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |