regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction. [GOC:bf]
Rac protein signal transduction is a crucial pathway involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The regulation of Rac signaling is tightly controlled through a complex network of interactions involving guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and downstream effectors.
GEFs are responsible for activating Rac by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP, thereby converting Rac into its active conformation. Conversely, GAPs inactivate Rac by stimulating the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. These GEFs and GAPs are often regulated by upstream signaling pathways, providing a mechanism for modulating Rac activity in response to extracellular stimuli.
Once activated, Rac interacts with downstream effector proteins, triggering a cascade of signaling events. Among the most prominent effectors are the p21-activated kinases (PAKs), which are serine/threonine kinases activated by Rac. PAKs, in turn, regulate a variety of downstream targets involved in cytoskeletal dynamics, including the actin-binding proteins, LIM kinases, and WASp family proteins.
The activation of Rac can also lead to the assembly of signaling complexes at the plasma membrane, facilitating the recruitment of other signaling molecules, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). This process is critical for the coordination of cellular responses, such as cell migration and invasion.
In addition to GEFs and GAPs, Rac activity is also regulated by other factors, including post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. These modifications can influence the stability, localization, and interaction partners of Rac, contributing to the precise control of its signaling output.
Overall, the regulation of Rac protein signal transduction is a dynamic and intricate process involving a complex interplay of molecular interactions. This intricate regulation ensures that Rac signaling is tightly controlled and responds appropriately to various cellular cues.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit | A UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15294] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (6)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| uridine diphosphate | Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| benzoxazolone | 2-benzoxazolinone : A member of the class of benzoxazoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole carrying an oxo group at position 2. benzoxazolone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | benzoxazole | allelochemical; phytoalexin |
| 4-ethynylbiphenyl | 4-ethynylbiphenyl: structure given in first source | ||
| 2-ethynylnaphthalene | 2-ethynylnaphthalene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | ||
| urolithin d | urolithin D: has antiproliferative activity; structure in first source | hydroxycoumarin | |
| tetrahydroamentoflavone | tetrahydroamentoflavone: isolated from Semecarpus anacardium; structure in first source |