cell proliferation in forebrain
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
Cell proliferation in the forebrain is a fundamental process that drives brain development and growth. It involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications, ultimately leading to the production of new neurons and other brain cells. This process begins early in development, with the generation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in specific regions of the forebrain, such as the ventricular zone. These NSCs possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various types of neurons and glia.
During proliferation, NSCs undergo a series of cell cycles, marked by phases of DNA replication and cell division. This process is tightly regulated by a network of signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Wnt pathways. These pathways are activated by growth factors and other extracellular signals, which trigger a cascade of intracellular events that ultimately lead to the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression.
As NSCs proliferate, they migrate to specific regions of the forebrain, where they differentiate into specific types of neurons and glia. This differentiation is influenced by a variety of factors, including the expression of transcription factors, such as Pax6, Emx1, and Tbr1, and the availability of specific signaling molecules.
Throughout development and into adulthood, a limited number of NSCs persist in the forebrain, contributing to neurogenesis and gliogenesis. These adult NSCs are found in specific regions, such as the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Their proliferation and differentiation are regulated by various factors, including neurotrophic factors, exercise, and environmental stimuli.
Cell proliferation in the forebrain plays a crucial role in brain development, learning, memory, and repair. Dysregulation of this process is implicated in various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that govern cell proliferation in the forebrain is essential for developing strategies to treat and prevent such diseases.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Protein Wnt-3a | A protein Wnt-3a that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P56704] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit | A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P23921] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (7)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| hydroxyurea | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent | |
| uridine diphosphate | Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cytidine diphosphate | Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate. | cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1-aminoadenosine | 1-aminoadenosine: structure | ||
| CCT251545 | CCT251545 : A chloropyridine that is 3-chloropyridine substituted by a 1-oxo-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl group and a 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl group at positions 4 and 5, respectively. It is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of Wnt signaling (IC50 = 5 nM) and a potent and selective chemical probe for cyclin-dependent kinases CDK8 and CDK19. CCT251545: a Wnt signaling inhibitor; structure in first source | azaspiro compound; chloropyridine; pyrazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| xav939 | XAV939 : A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. XAV939: selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription; structure in first source | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; thiopyranopyrimidine | tankyrase inhibitor |
| nvp-tnks656 |