salacinol profile

salacinol: a sulfated thiosugar from Salacia reticulata (CELASTRACEAE); structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Salacia	genus	A plant genus of the family Celastraceae. Members contain friedelane-type TRITERPENES and SESQUITERPENES, EUDESMANE.[MeSH]	Celastraceae	A plant family of the order Celastrales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.[MeSH]
Salacia reticulata	species	[no description available]	Celastraceae	A plant family of the order Celastrales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6451151
CHEMBL ID	1208974
CHEMBL ID	239249
MeSH ID	M0390023

Synonym
CHEMBL1208974 ,
salacinol
CHEMBL239249 ,
[(2s,3s)-4-[(2r,3s,4s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)thiolan-1-ium-1-yl]-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl] sulfate
200399-47-9
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-{(s)-[(2s,3s)-2,4-dihydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)butyl]episulfoniumylidene}-d-arabinitol
bdbm50330955
(1s,2s)-3-[(2r,3s,4s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrothiophenium-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl sulfate
bdbm50180585
(2s,3s)-4-((1s,2r,3s,4s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-1h-thiophen-1-ium-1-yl)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl sulfate
(2s,3s)-4-((1s,2r,3s,4s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-1h-thiophen-1-ium-1-yl)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-ylsulfate

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Salacinol is a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor isolated from Salacia reticulata, and a good lead compound for an antidiabetic drug. "	( Docking and SAR studies of salacinol derivatives as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Morikawa, T; Muraoka, O; Nakamura, S; Nakanishi, I; Ninomiya, K; Sakano, M; Takahira, K; Tanabe, G; Yoshikawa, M, 2010)	2.1
"Salacinol is a sulfonium ion with an internal sulfate counterion."	( Synthesis of analogues of salacinol containing a carboxylate inner salt and their inhibitory activities against human maltase glucoamylase. Chen, W; Pinto, BM; Rose, DR; Sim, L, 2007)	1.36

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In human studies, Salacia extracts have been shown to decrease plasma glucose and insulin levels, decrease HbA1c, and modulate serum lipid levels with no adverse effects being reported."	( Anti-diabetic and Anti-hyperlipidemic Effects and Safety of Salacia reticulata and Related Species. Ray, S; Stohs, SJ, 2015)	0.42

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4.9000	0.0400	3.4652	9.0000	AID1306873; AID1684763
Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.5950	0.1700	1.8673	7.3000	AID1684762; AID536212
Sucrase-isomaltase, intestinal	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	1.9387	0.0400	1.8483	10.0000	AID1306871; AID1306872; AID324678; AID324679; AID324680; AID343501; AID343502; AID578320; AID578321; AID593349; AID593353; AID594100; AID594101; AID696530; AID696531
Sucrase-isomaltase, intestinal	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.6500	0.2000	1.4800	4.2000	AID343501; AID343502
Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	48.0000	8.4000	9.5143	10.0000	AID324673
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	6.1300	0.0800	2.5061	9.8500	AID343500; AID578319; AID593351; AID594099; AID696532
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.9700	0.0087	1.0957	3.5000	AID343500
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
maltose catabolic process	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
starch catabolic process	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
dextrin catabolic process	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
glycogen biosynthetic process	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
glycogen catabolic process	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoid	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
catalytic activity	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase activity	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
amylase activity	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate binding	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
maltose alpha-glucosidase activity	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
glycogen debranching enzyme activity	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase activity	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
polysaccharide binding	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-maltose 4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule membrane	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule membrane	Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
inclusion body	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcoplasmic reticulum	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
isoamylase complex	Glycogen debranching enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (51)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID620773	Selectivity ratio of Ki for mouse ctMGAM-N2 to Ki for mouse ctMGAM-N20	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID620763	Inhibition of mouse his-tagged ctSI expressed in Sf9 cells assessed as amount of glucose produced using maltose as a substrate after 45 mins by glucose oxidase assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID536212	Inhibition of human recombinant N-terminal subunit of maltase-glucoamylase after 60 mins by glucose oxidase assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 18, Issue:22	Probing the active-site requirements of human intestinal N-terminal maltase-glucoamylase: Synthesis and enzyme inhibitory activities of a six-membered ring nitrogen analogue of kotalanol and its de-O-sulfonated derivative.
AID324676	Inhibition of rice alpha-glucosidase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 16, Issue:6	Effect of five-membered sugar mimics on mammalian glycogen-degrading enzymes and various glucosidases.
AID696530	Inhibition of rat small intestinal isomaltase after 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Role of the side chain stereochemistry in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of kotalanol, a potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. Part 2.
AID343502	Inhibition of rat intestinal isomaltase	2008	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 71, Issue:6	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Kothala-himbutu (Salacia reticulata WIGHT).
AID307313	Inhibition of rat intestinal sucrase	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 15, Issue:11	Biological evaluation of de-O-sulfonated analogs of salacinol, the role of sulfate anion in the side chain on the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
AID594103	Competitive inhibition of rat intestinal sucrase	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Biological evaluation of 3'-O-alkylated analogs of salacinol, the role of hydrophobic alkyl group at 3' position in the side chain on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
AID696531	Inhibition of rat small intestinal sucrase after 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Role of the side chain stereochemistry in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of kotalanol, a potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. Part 2.
AID620760	Inhibition of mouse his-tagged ctMGAM-N2 expressed in Sf9 cells assessed as amount of glucose produced using maltose as a substrate after 45 mins by glucose oxidase assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID324678	Inhibition of rat intestinal maltase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 16, Issue:6	Effect of five-membered sugar mimics on mammalian glycogen-degrading enzymes and various glucosidases.
AID594100	Inhibition of rat small intestinal sucrase after 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Biological evaluation of 3'-O-alkylated analogs of salacinol, the role of hydrophobic alkyl group at 3' position in the side chain on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
AID696532	Inhibition of rat small intestinal maltase after 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Role of the side chain stereochemistry in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of kotalanol, a potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. Part 2.
AID578319	Inhibition of rat intestinal maltase	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Isolation, structure identification and SAR studies on thiosugar sulfonium salts, neosalaprinol and neoponkoranol, as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.
AID594101	Inhibition of rat small intestinal isomaltase after 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Biological evaluation of 3'-O-alkylated analogs of salacinol, the role of hydrophobic alkyl group at 3' position in the side chain on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
AID307310	Inhibition of rat intestinal maltase	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 15, Issue:11	Biological evaluation of de-O-sulfonated analogs of salacinol, the role of sulfate anion in the side chain on the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
AID493815	Inhibition of alpha glucosidase	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 20, Issue:15	Docking and SAR studies of salacinol derivatives as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
AID343500	Inhibition of rat intestinal maltase	2008	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 71, Issue:6	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Kothala-himbutu (Salacia reticulata WIGHT).
AID620768	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human ntMGAM to Ki for mouse ctMGAM-N20	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID343501	Inhibition of rat intestinal sucrase	2008	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 71, Issue:6	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Kothala-himbutu (Salacia reticulata WIGHT).
AID620772	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human ntSI to Ki for mouse ctSI	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID594102	Competitive inhibition of rat intestinal maltase	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Biological evaluation of 3'-O-alkylated analogs of salacinol, the role of hydrophobic alkyl group at 3' position in the side chain on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
AID324681	Inhibition of human lysosomal alpha glucosidase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 16, Issue:6	Effect of five-membered sugar mimics on mammalian glycogen-degrading enzymes and various glucosidases.
AID324675	Inhibition of myozyme	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 16, Issue:6	Effect of five-membered sugar mimics on mammalian glycogen-degrading enzymes and various glucosidases.
AID620774	Selectivity ratio of Ki for mouse ctMGAM-N2 to Ki for mouse ctSI	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID324682	Inhibition of maltase in human Caco-2 cell membrane	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 16, Issue:6	Effect of five-membered sugar mimics on mammalian glycogen-degrading enzymes and various glucosidases.
AID620761	Inhibition of mouse his-tagged ctMGAM-N20 expressed in Sf9 cells assessed as amount of glucose produced using maltose as a substrate after 45 mins by glucose oxidase assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID578320	Inhibition of rat intestinal sucrase	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Isolation, structure identification and SAR studies on thiosugar sulfonium salts, neosalaprinol and neoponkoranol, as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.
AID620769	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human ntSI to Ki for mouse ctMGAM-N20	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID594098	Competitive inhibition of rat intestinal isomaltase	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Biological evaluation of 3'-O-alkylated analogs of salacinol, the role of hydrophobic alkyl group at 3' position in the side chain on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
AID324673	Inhibition of amylo-1,6-glucosidase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 16, Issue:6	Effect of five-membered sugar mimics on mammalian glycogen-degrading enzymes and various glucosidases.
AID1684762	Inhibition of recombinant human maltase-glucoamylase using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate incubated for 35 mins by microtiter plate reader analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Elongation of the side chain by linear alkyl groups increases the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from the Ayurvedic traditional medicine "Salacia," against human intestinal maltase.
AID1684764	Inhibition of rat intestinal isomaltase using isomaltose as substrate incubated for 30 mins and immediately heated for 2 mins by glucose oxidase method	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Elongation of the side chain by linear alkyl groups increases the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from the Ayurvedic traditional medicine "Salacia," against human intestinal maltase.
AID1684763	Inhibition of human intestinal maltase using maltose as substrate incubated for 30 mins and immediately heated for 2 mins by glucose oxidase method	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Elongation of the side chain by linear alkyl groups increases the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from the Ayurvedic traditional medicine "Salacia," against human intestinal maltase.
AID593351	Inhibition of rat small intestinal maltase after 30 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 19, Issue:7	Role of the side chain stereochemistry in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of kotalanol, a potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID594099	Inhibition of rat small intestinal maltase after 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Biological evaluation of 3'-O-alkylated analogs of salacinol, the role of hydrophobic alkyl group at 3' position in the side chain on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
AID620762	Inhibition of human ntMGAM expressed in Drosophila S2 cells assessed as amount of glucose produced using maltose as a substrate after 45 mins by glucose oxidase assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID578321	Inhibition of rat intestinal isomaltase	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Isolation, structure identification and SAR studies on thiosugar sulfonium salts, neosalaprinol and neoponkoranol, as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.
AID324679	Inhibition of rat isomaltase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 16, Issue:6	Effect of five-membered sugar mimics on mammalian glycogen-degrading enzymes and various glucosidases.
AID1684765	Inhibition of rat intestinal sucrase using sucrose as substrate incubated for 30 mins and immediately heated for 2 mins by glucose oxidase method	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Elongation of the side chain by linear alkyl groups increases the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from the Ayurvedic traditional medicine "Salacia," against human intestinal maltase.
AID620771	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human ntMGAM to Ki for mouse ctSI	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID324672	Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b at 400 uM	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 16, Issue:6	Effect of five-membered sugar mimics on mammalian glycogen-degrading enzymes and various glucosidases.
AID620764	Inhibition of human ntSI expressed in Drosophila S2 cells assessed as amount of glucose produced using maltose as a substrate after 45 mins by glucose oxidase assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.
AID593349	Inhibition of rat small intestinal sucrase after 30 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 19, Issue:7	Role of the side chain stereochemistry in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of kotalanol, a potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID1684766	Inhibition of rat intestinal maltase using maltose as substrate incubated for 30 mins and immediately heated for 2 mins by glucose oxidase method	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Elongation of the side chain by linear alkyl groups increases the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from the Ayurvedic traditional medicine "Salacia," against human intestinal maltase.
AID593353	Inhibition of rat small intestinal isomaltase after 30 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 19, Issue:7	Role of the side chain stereochemistry in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of kotalanol, a potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID324680	Inhibition of rat sucrase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 16, Issue:6	Effect of five-membered sugar mimics on mammalian glycogen-degrading enzymes and various glucosidases.
AID1306873	Inhibition of human small intestine microsomal maltase using maltose as substrate incubated for 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 24, Issue:16	Hydrophobic substituents increase the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine 'Salacia'.
AID1306870	Inhibition of rat small intestinal maltase using maltose as substrate incubated for 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 24, Issue:16	Hydrophobic substituents increase the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine 'Salacia'.
AID1306872	Inhibition of rat small intestinal isomaltase using isomaltose as substrate incubated for 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 24, Issue:16	Hydrophobic substituents increase the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine 'Salacia'.
AID1306871	Inhibition of rat small intestinal sucrase using sucrose as substrate incubated for 30 mins by glucose-oxidase method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 24, Issue:16	Hydrophobic substituents increase the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine 'Salacia'.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	33 (62.26)	29.6817
2010's	16 (30.19)	24.3611
2020's	4 (7.55)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (9.26%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	49 (90.74%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	2.02	1
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	3.56	2	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
morpholine [no description available]	2.03	1	morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	NMR chemical shift reference compound
phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.	2.03	1	mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine	carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	2.04	1	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.45	2	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.44	2	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
acarbose [no description available]	2.31	1	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	2.03	1	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
castanospermine castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).	2	1	indolizidine alkaloid	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
fagomine fagomine: structure in first source	3.35	1	piperidines
arabitol arabitol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. arabinitol : A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.. D-arabinitol : The D-enantiomer of arabinitol.	2.03	1	arabinitol
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	3.21	1	proanthocyanidin
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	2.03	1	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
proanthocyanidin proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans.	3.21	1
tagetitoxin tagetitoxin: chlorosis-inducing phytoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis; inhibits RNA synthesis directed by chloroplast RNA polymerase	3.12	1
2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine 2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	dihydroxypyrrolidine
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.04	1
kifunensine kifunensine: inhibitor of the glycoprotein processing mannosidase I; from actinomycete Kitasatosporia kifunense 9482; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6beta,7alpha,8alpha,8aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/90	7.02	1
erythritol [no description available]	2.42	2	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
arabinose [no description available]	2.42	2	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
miglitol [no description available]	3.02	4	piperidines
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	3.19	5	organic molecular entity
acarbose [no description available]	2.98	4	amino cyclitol; glycoside
2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-glucitol: structure in first source	2.04	1
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol, (2r-(2alpha,3beta,4beta))-isomer [no description available]	2.04	1	pyrrolidines
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	3.35	1	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol [no description available]	2.04	1
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	3.21	1	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	7.44	2	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	2.03	1	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	7.03	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
ponkoranol ponkoranol: isolated from the plant Salacia reticulata; structure in first source	2.47	2
kotalanol Kotalanol: a sulfated thiosugar from Salacia plant genus; alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure in first source	5.61	13
neosalacinol [no description available]	3.17	5
thiolactomycin thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source	3.12	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.25	1
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.25	1
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.25	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.25	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	4.37	4
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.23	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.48	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.11	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.48	2

salacinol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (11)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (7)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (14)

Bioassays (51)

Research

Studies (53)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.74

Study Types

salacinol

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (11)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (7)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (14)

Bioassays (51)

Research

Studies (53)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.74

Study Types

Related Drugs (36)

Related Conditions (9)