1,3-dipropylxanthine profile

1,3-Dipropylxanthine is a **synthetic derivative of xanthine**, a naturally occurring purine base found in many plants and animals. It's structurally similar to caffeine and theophylline, other well-known xanthine derivatives.

**Why is it important for research?**

1,3-Dipropylxanthine is **an adenosine receptor antagonist**. Adenosine receptors are found throughout the body and play a crucial role in various physiological processes including:

* **Sleep-wake cycles**
* **Neurotransmitter release**
* **Cardiovascular function**
* **Inflammation**

By blocking adenosine receptors, 1,3-dipropylxanthine can:

* **Increase arousal and wakefulness:** This effect is similar to caffeine and has been investigated for potential therapeutic applications in conditions like narcolepsy.
* **Enhance cognitive function:** Some studies suggest that 1,3-dipropylxanthine may improve memory and attention.
* **Modulate neurotransmitter release:** By blocking adenosine receptors, it can indirectly increase the release of other neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate.
* **Influence cardiovascular function:** It can affect heart rate and blood pressure, although the exact mechanisms are complex.
* **Reduce inflammation:** Adenosine has anti-inflammatory properties, so blocking its receptors may potentially amplify inflammation in certain settings.

**Research Applications:**

* **Neurological disorders:** Studies are exploring 1,3-dipropylxanthine's potential for treating conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
* **Sleep disorders:** Its wake-promoting effects make it a potential candidate for treating narcolepsy and other sleep disorders.
* **Cardiovascular research:** It can be used to investigate the role of adenosine receptors in regulating heart function and blood flow.
* **Inflammation and pain:** Research is examining its potential influence on inflammation and pain pathways.
* **Drug development:** 1,3-dipropylxanthine serves as a valuable tool for understanding the role of adenosine receptors and for developing new drugs that target these receptors.

**Important Notes:**

* 1,3-Dipropylxanthine is a research chemical and is not currently approved for therapeutic use in humans.
* Further research is needed to fully understand its safety profile and potential therapeutic applications.

Overall, 1,3-dipropylxanthine is a potent adenosine receptor antagonist with diverse biological effects. Its importance in research lies in its potential to shed light on the complex roles of adenosine receptors in various physiological processes, offering new insights for therapeutic interventions.

1,3-dipropylxanthine: has high affinity for adenosine receptors; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	169317
CHEMBL ID	157655
SCHEMBL ID	515771
MeSH ID	M0134656

Synonym
gtpl427
PDSP2_000326
PDSP1_000328
PDSP2_001217
PDSP1_000983
PDSP2_000967
PDSP1_001233
L000861
1,3-dipropyl-3,7-dihydro-1h-purine-2,6-dione
31542-62-8
FT-0667703
CHEMBL157655 ,
nsc_169317
1,3-dipropylxanthine
cas_169317
1,3-dipropyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione
bdbm82032
1,3-dipropyl-7h-purine-2,6-dione
z02t66w92d ,
unii-z02t66w92d
1h-purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3-dipropyl-
AKOS016004647
1h-purine-2,6-dione, 3,9-dihydro-1,3-dipropyl
xanthine, 1,3-dipropyl-
SCHEMBL515771
1,3-di-n-propylxanthine
1,3-dipropyl-3,9-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione
1,3-dipropyl-xanthine
MJVIGUCNSRXAFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DTXSID00185447
1,3-dipropyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-purine-2,6-dione
J-018455
Q27076915
bdbm50227331

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" When compounds were intraduodenally administered to the guinea pig, 1-(2'-ethoxyethyl)-, 1-(3'-methoxypropyl)-, 1-(3'-butenyl)-, and 1-[(dimethylamino)-ethyl]-3-propylxanthines, 1-methyl-7-(2'-oxopropyl)-3-propylxanthine, and denbufylline (1,3-di-n-butyl-7-(2'-oxopropyl)xanthine) effectively inhibited the acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm without heart stimulation or central nervous system-stimulation at the effective dosage range."	( Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position. Hasegawa, T; Iwasaki, N; Konno, K; Kurita, M; Miyamoto, K; Ohshima, T; Sakai, R; Sanae, F; Takagi, K; Yamamoto, Y, 1993)	0.29

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.7000	0.0059	1.3688	9.0000	AID32323
Adenosine receptor A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	1.5000	0.0002	0.5521	10.0000	AID31389
Adenosine receptor A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.6925	0.0001	1.2092	9.9700	AID31714; AID31856; AID31887; AID32039; AID32323; AID32487; AID32491; AID32494; AID32500
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	5.0600	0.0000	1.0609	9.7920	AID30624; AID30627; AID30797; AID33734; AID92373
Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	4.4017	0.0002	1.6352	10.0000	AID30624; AID30627; AID30797; AID33176; AID33734; AID92373
Adenosine receptor A2b	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	4.7500	0.0006	1.3536	10.0000	AID187182; AID30797; AID30810; AID30811; AID33565; AID33579; AID33728; AID33734
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	4.5846	0.0002	1.4940	10.0000	AID187182; AID30797; AID30810; AID30811; AID32862; AID33565; AID33579; AID33728; AID33734
Adenosine receptor A2a	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	2.7000	0.1100	2.6385	8.0000	AID30621; AID30626
Adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	1.2000	0.0003	0.4546	6.9000	AID32160; AID32161; AID32162; AID32164
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0500	0.0003	0.7081	10.0000	AID74022
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	Kb	2.7000	0.0013	1.0829	2.7000	AID78490
Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)	Kb	2.7000	0.0060	1.0834	2.7000	AID78490
Adenosine receptor A2b	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Kb	5.4000	0.2500	2.1475	5.4000	AID156510
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Kb	5.4000	0.0007	1.8485	5.4000	AID156510
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosis	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular defense response	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system development	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
blood circulation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutamate secretion	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine secretion	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to purine-containing compound	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to caffeine	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of urine volume	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular permeability	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection morphogenesis	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretion	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transport	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory postsynaptic potential	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibition	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of adenylate cyclase activity	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine production	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell degranulation	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mast cell degranulation	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-actinin binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
intermediate filament	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
axolemma	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapse	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (69)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID233055	Bronchoselectivity expressed as ratio of stimulatory activity in the right atrium (EC15) to relaxant activity in the tracheal muscle (EC50)	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10	Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position.
AID232222	Selectivity for A2 and A1 receptors was evaluated	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 32, Issue:10	Linear and proximal benzo-separated alkylated xanthines as adenosine-receptor antagonists.
AID219846	Inhibition of c-AMP phosphodiesterase activity in guinea pig tracheal muscle	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 35, Issue:22	Effects of alkyl substitutions of xanthine skeleton on bronchodilation.
AID32500	Inhibition of binding of 1 nM [3H]N-6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine to adenosine A1 receptor in rat cortical membranes	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8	Sulfur-containing 1,3-dialkylxanthine derivatives as selective antagonists at A1-adenosine receptors.
AID32160	Inhibition of N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine binding to guinea pig forebrain membrane Adenosine A1 receptor	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5	8-Polycycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines as potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID32162	Binding affinity against adenosine A1 receptor from guinea pig forebrain membranes, using N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine as radioligand.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	(E)-1,3-dialkyl-7-methyl-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)xanthines: potent and selective adenosine A2 antagonists.
AID32155	Affinity against adenosine A1 receptor in the brain membranes by the displacement of [3H]CPX.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 35, Issue:22	Effects of alkyl substitutions of xanthine skeleton on bronchodilation.
AID31856	Antagonism of binding of 1 nM [3H]cyclohexyladenosine to adenosine A1 receptors on rat cortical membranes	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 28, Issue:4	1,3-Dialkyl-8-(p-sulfophenyl)xanthines: potent water-soluble antagonists for A1- and A2-adenosine receptors.
AID228330	Ki ratio evaluated as the Ki of A2 to that A1 receptor values.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1	8-(Dicyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: a potent and selective adenosine A1 antagonist with renal protective and diuretic activities.
AID230229	Inhibitory selectivity for A2 receptor in rat striatal membranes and A1 receptor in rat cortical membranes	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8	Sulfur-containing 1,3-dialkylxanthine derivatives as selective antagonists at A1-adenosine receptors.
AID221859	Bronchodilatory effect, 50% inhibition of spasmogen-induced response in male Hartley guinea pigs on intraduodenal administration	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10	Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position.
AID32323	Binding of 1 nM [3H]CHA to Adenosine A1 receptor of rat cerebral cortical membranes	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Benzo[1,2-c:5,4-c']dipyrazoles: non-xanthine adenosine antagonists.
AID229822	Ratio of antagonism at A2 versus A1 receptors (Ki values)	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 28, Issue:4	1,3-Dialkyl-8-(p-sulfophenyl)xanthines: potent water-soluble antagonists for A1- and A2-adenosine receptors.
AID230900	Ratio of antagonist activity at A1 and A2 receptors	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	8-Aryl-and 8-cycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines: further potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID32039	Binding affinity to A1 adenosine receptor from rat cortical membrane in presence of [3H]R-(phenylisopropyl)-adenosine	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 37, Issue:10	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of deazaxanthines: analogs of potent A1- and A2-adenosine receptor antagonists.
AID31714	Ability to inhibit binding of 1 nM [3H]cyclohexyladenosine to adenosine A1 receptor in rat cerebral cortical membranes	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7	Analogues of caffeine and theophylline: effect of structural alterations on affinity at adenosine receptors.
AID75917	Positive chronotropic effect on isolated guinea pig right atrium (heart stimulation).	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 35, Issue:22	Effects of alkyl substitutions of xanthine skeleton on bronchodilation.
AID32487	Inhibition of 1 nM [3H]- N6 -(phenylisopropyl) adenosine binding to Adenosine A1 receptor in rat fat cell membrane	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 32, Issue:6	Effects of 8-phenyl and 8-cycloalkyl substituents on the activity of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted alkylxanthines with substitution at the 1-, 3-, and 7-positions.
AID32161	Binding affinity against Adenosine A1 receptor using N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine in guinea pig membranes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5	8-Polycycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines as potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID30810	Binding affinity against adenosine A2 receptor from rat striatal membranes, using N-[3H]-ethyladenosin-5''-uronamide as radioligand (in the presence of 50 nM cyclopentyl adenosine).	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	(E)-1,3-dialkyl-7-methyl-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)xanthines: potent and selective adenosine A2 antagonists.
AID30811	Inhibition of N-[3H]-ethyladenosin-5''-uronamide binding to adenosine A2 receptor from rat striatal membranes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	(E)-1,3-dialkyl-7-methyl-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)xanthines: potent and selective adenosine A2 antagonists.
AID78495	Ability to inhibit 2-chloroadenosine (15 uM)-elicited accumulations of cyclic AMP in guinea pig cerebral cortical membranes	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 27, Issue:10	Mesoionic xanthine analogues: antagonists of adenosine receptors.
AID32494	Inhibition of N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine binding to adenosine A1 receptor from whole brain membranes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	(E)-1,3-dialkyl-7-methyl-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)xanthines: potent and selective adenosine A2 antagonists.
AID30624	Binding affinity against adenosine A2 receptor of striatal membrane using [3H]CGS-21680 as a radioligand	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10	Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position.
AID187182	Inhibition of adenosine stimulated accumulation of cyclic AMP at Adenosine A2 receptor of VA13 fibroblasts of rat	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Benzo[1,2-c:5,4-c']dipyrazoles: non-xanthine adenosine antagonists.
AID34299	Binding affinity against adenylate cyclase using N-[3H]-ethyl adenosine-5-uronamide as radioligand in human platelet membranes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5	8-Polycycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines as potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID33579	Binding affinity to A2 adenosine receptor from rat striatal membrane in presence of [3H]5'-(N-ethylcarboximido)-adenosine	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 37, Issue:10	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of deazaxanthines: analogs of potent A1- and A2-adenosine receptor antagonists.
AID156510	Inhibition of 5'-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)adenosine-elicited stimulation of adenylate cyclase in rat PC12 cell membranes	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	8-Aryl-and 8-cycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines: further potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID30797	Inhibition of the stimulation by 5'-(N-ethylcarbamoyl) adenosine of adenyl cyclase via adenosine A2 receptor in human platelet membranes.	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 32, Issue:6	Effects of 8-phenyl and 8-cycloalkyl substituents on the activity of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted alkylxanthines with substitution at the 1-, 3-, and 7-positions.
AID228358	Ratio against A1 adenosine receptor to the A2 adenosine receptor (guinea pig forebrain membranes, using N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine as radioligand.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	(E)-1,3-dialkyl-7-methyl-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)xanthines: potent and selective adenosine A2 antagonists.
AID34298	Inhibitory activity against adenylate cyclase using (R)-N6-(2-[3H]-phenyl-1-methylethyladenosine as radioligand in rat adipocytes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5	8-Polycycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines as potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID20674	Bronchoselectivity expressed as ratio of positive chronotropic action (ED15) to bronchodilator action (ED50)	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10	Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position.
AID220054	Inhibition of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase ( PDE) in the supernatant of tracheal muscle homogenate	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10	Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position.
AID30626	Compound was evaluated for its ability to antagonise cyclic [3H]AMP accumulation in [3H]adenine-labeled guinea pig cerebral cortical slices.	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7	Analogues of caffeine and theophylline: effect of structural alterations on affinity at adenosine receptors.
AID33176	Binding affinity at human Adenosine A2B receptor expressed in HEK293 cells, using [125I]ABOPX as radioligand	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 45, Issue:11	Structure-activity relationships at human and rat A2B adenosine receptors of xanthine derivatives substituted at the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 8-positions.
AID33435	Binding affinity against Adenosine A2 receptor in rat brain membrane, using [3H]-NECA as the radioligand.	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 32, Issue:10	Linear and proximal benzo-separated alkylated xanthines as adenosine-receptor antagonists.
AID227877	Ratio of stimulatory activity in right atrium to relaxant activity in tracheal muscle	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 35, Issue:22	Effects of alkyl substitutions of xanthine skeleton on bronchodilation.
AID30627	Inhibition of 2-CADO-stimulated adenylate cyclase at Adenosine A2 receptor in guinea pig cerebral cortical slices	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Benzo[1,2-c:5,4-c']dipyrazoles: non-xanthine adenosine antagonists.
AID92373	Inhibition of 5'-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)adenosine-elicited stimulation of adenylate cyclase in human platelet membranes	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	8-Aryl-and 8-cycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines: further potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID33438	Binding affinity against Adenosine A2 receptor using N-[3H]-ethyladenosin-5''-uronamide in rat striatal membranes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5	8-Polycycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines as potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID227036	A1 selectivity is the ratio between A2 and A1 receptor	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 37, Issue:10	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of deazaxanthines: analogs of potent A1- and A2-adenosine receptor antagonists.
AID31389	Antagonism of adenosine A1 receptor assessed from the ability to inhibit binding of [3H]cyclohexyladenosine to rat cerebral cortical membranes	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 27, Issue:10	Mesoionic xanthine analogues: antagonists of adenosine receptors.
AID32159	Binding affinity against adenosine A1 receptor of cerebral cortex using [3H]CPX as a radioligand	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10	Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position.
AID233904	Selectivity was expressed as the ratio is Ki of adenosine A1 receptor to that of adenosine A2 receptor	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7	Analogues of caffeine and theophylline: effect of structural alterations on affinity at adenosine receptors.
AID32164	Inhibition of [3H]cyclohexyladenosine binding to guinea pig forebrain membranes Adenosine A1 receptor	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1	8-(Dicyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: a potent and selective adenosine A1 antagonist with renal protective and diuretic activities.
AID33437	Binding affinity against Adenosine A2 receptor using N-[3H]-ethyl adenosine-5-uronamide in rat striatal membranes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5	8-Polycycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines as potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID75916	Effective concentration required in vitro for heart stimulation (right atrium) in guinea pig	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10	Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position.
AID221857	Positive chronotropic effect, 15% increase in heart rate of male Hartley guinea pigs on intraduodenal administration (mean of 3-5 animals)	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10	Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position.
AID73739	Effective concentration required in vitro for tracheal muscle (from male Hartley guinea pigs) relaxation	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10	Bronchodilator activity of xanthine derivatives substituted with functional groups at the 1- or 7-position.
AID33565	Inhibition of [3H]5'-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-adenosine binding to Adenosine A2 receptor in rat striatal membranes in the presence of 50 nM cyclopentyladenosine	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1	8-(Dicyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: a potent and selective adenosine A1 antagonist with renal protective and diuretic activities.
AID21139	Solubility in water at PH 7.4 in the presence of Tris.HCl buffer	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	8-Aryl-and 8-cycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines: further potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID31865	Binding affinity against Adenosine A1 receptor using N6-[3H]-cyclohexyladenosinene in rat whole brain membranes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5	8-Polycycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines as potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID232062	Selectivity as ratio of Ki for adenosine A2 and A1 adenosine receptors	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5	8-Polycycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines as potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID78490	Inhibition of stimulation of adenylate cyclase in guinea pig brain slices at A2 receptor (2-chloroadenosine-elicited accumulations of cyclic AMP)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	8-Aryl-and 8-cycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines: further potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID33728	Inhibition of binding of [3H]5'-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-adenosine to adenosine A2 receptor in rat striatal membranes	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8	Sulfur-containing 1,3-dialkylxanthine derivatives as selective antagonists at A1-adenosine receptors.
AID31881	Binding affinity at Adenosine A1 receptor in rat brain cortical membrane using [3H]N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) as radioligand	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22	Synthesis of paraxanthine analogs (1,7-disubstituted xanthines) and other xanthines unsubstituted at the 3-position: structure-activity relationships at adenosine receptors.
AID30621	Antagonism of cyclic [3H]AMP accumulation in guinea pig cerebral cortical slices (elicited by 15 uM 2-chloroadenosine at adenosine A2 receptor)	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 28, Issue:4	1,3-Dialkyl-8-(p-sulfophenyl)xanthines: potent water-soluble antagonists for A1- and A2-adenosine receptors.
AID33734	Inhibition of the stimulation by 5'-(N-ethylcarbamoyl) adenosine of adenyl cyclase via Adenosine A2 receptor in rat PC12 membranes	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 32, Issue:6	Effects of 8-phenyl and 8-cycloalkyl substituents on the activity of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted alkylxanthines with substitution at the 1-, 3-, and 7-positions.
AID32862	Binding affinity for adenosine A2A receptor from rat brain membranes using [3H]CGS-21680	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18	Effect of trifluoromethyl and other substituents on activity of xanthines at adenosine receptors.
AID31693	Antagonistic activity against N6-([3H]-phenylisopropyl)adenosine binding to rat brain membrane (Adenosine A1 receptor)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	8-Aryl-and 8-cycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines: further potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors.
AID30807	Binding affinity against Adenosine A2 receptor in rat striatal membranes using [3H]5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (NECA) as the ligand	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22	Synthesis of paraxanthine analogs (1,7-disubstituted xanthines) and other xanthines unsubstituted at the 3-position: structure-activity relationships at adenosine receptors.
AID74022	Relaxant activity on the spontaneous tone of isolated guinea pig tracheal ring chains.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 35, Issue:22	Effects of alkyl substitutions of xanthine skeleton on bronchodilation.
AID32491	Inhibition of 1 nM [3H]- N6-(phenylisopropyl) adenosine binding to Adenosine A1 receptor in rat cerebral cortical membranes	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 32, Issue:6	Effects of 8-phenyl and 8-cycloalkyl substituents on the activity of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted alkylxanthines with substitution at the 1-, 3-, and 7-positions.
AID31887	Binding affinity for adenosine A1 receptor from rat brain membranes using [3H]PIA as radioligand	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18	Effect of trifluoromethyl and other substituents on activity of xanthines at adenosine receptors.
AID31861	Binding affinity against Adenosine A1 receptor in rat brain membrane, using [3H]N6-cyclohexyladenosine as the radioligand	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 32, Issue:10	Linear and proximal benzo-separated alkylated xanthines as adenosine-receptor antagonists.
AID30500	Affinity against adenosine A2 receptor in the brain membranes measured by the displacement of [3H]-CPX	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 35, Issue:22	Effects of alkyl substitutions of xanthine skeleton on bronchodilation.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1995	The Journal of biological chemistry, Jun-09, Volume: 270, Issue:23	Site-directed mutagenesis identifies residues involved in ligand recognition in the human A2a adenosine receptor.
AID1345721	Human A2B receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1999	Molecular pharmacology, Oct, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Characterization of human A(2B) adenosine receptors: radioligand binding, western blotting, and coupling to G(q) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and HMC-1 mast cells.
AID1345721	Human A2B receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2001	Biochemical pharmacology, Mar-15, Volume: 61, Issue:6	[3H]MRS 1754, a selective antagonist radioligand for A(2B) adenosine receptors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	10 (38.46)	18.7374
1990's	13 (50.00)	18.2507
2000's	2 (7.69)	29.6817
2010's	1 (3.85)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	26 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	2.38	2	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source	2.9	4
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	3.59	9	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	2.66	3
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	3.08	5	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
7-(2-chloroethyl)theophylline 7-(2-chloroethyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist	2.39	2	oxopurine
etofylline etofylline: etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin)	2.39	2	oxopurine
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist	2.89	4
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats	2.38	2	oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	3.48	8
theophylline [no description available]	4.17	17	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
caffeine [no description available]	3.77	11	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
cgs 15943 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.	2.4	2	aromatic amine; biaryl; furans; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; quinazolines; triazoloquinazoline	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; antineoplastic agent; central nervous system stimulant
denbufylline denbufylline: structure given in first source	1.98	1	oxopurine
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	1.97	1	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.89	4	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
1,7-dimethylxanthine 1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals.	1.98	1	dimethylxanthine	central nervous system stimulant; human blood serum metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.4	2	oxopurine
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	1.98	1	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	3.08	5
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	1.96	1	xanthene
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	2.67	3	purine nucleoside
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	2.38	2	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
8-chlorotheophylline [no description available]	1.98	1	organochlorine compound; purines	central nervous system stimulant
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	3.08	5	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
xanthobine [no description available]	1.98	1
rolofylline rolofylline: selective antagonist for adenosine receptors; a cardiovascular agent	1.98	1	oxopurine
7-methylxanthine [no description available]	1.98	1	oxopurine; purine alkaloid	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acefylline acefylline: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	oxopurine
3-methylxanthine 3-methyl-9H-xanthine : A 3-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 9-position.. 3-methyl-7H-xanthine : A 3-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 7-position.	2.67	3	3-methylxanthine	metabolite
1-methylxanthine 1-methylxanthine: urinary metabolite of caffeine. 1-methylxanthine : A monomethylxanthine having the methyl group located at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of caffeine in humans.. 1-methyl-7H-xanthine : A 1-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 7-position.	3.07	5	1-methylxanthine	mouse metabolite
1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine [no description available]	1.96	1
phenylisopropyladenosine [no description available]	2.69	3	aromatic amine; benzenes; hydrocarbyladenosine; purine nucleoside; secondary amino compound	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs	2.39	2
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.05	1
bw a1433u BW A1433U: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist; attenuates hypoxia-induced AH interval prolongation; derivative of 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine	2.66	3
n-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-n-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1h-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide: structure given in first source; purinergic receptor antagonist	1.98	1
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2.4	2	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine 2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors	2	1
8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine: used to localize adenosine receptors in the brain	2.68	3
1-propylxanthine 1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source	3.08	5
1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine: selective antagonist at adenosine A1 receptors	3.36	7	oxopurine
8-(dicyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(dicyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	7.38	2
1-isoamyl-3-isobutylxanthine [no description available]	2.89	4
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine 1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source	2.89	4
bw a522 BW A522: blocks adenosine A3 receptor-mediated hypotensive responses in rats	2	1
zm 241385 ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor	2.41	2	diamino-1,3,5-triazine
8-cyclohexylcaffeine [no description available]	1.97	1
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	1.98	1	tripeptide
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.91	4	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available]	2.39	2
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	2.4	2	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
psb 1115 [no description available]	1.98	1	oxopurine
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2	1
isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure	2	1	benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
bw a1433 BW A1433: adenosine receptor antagonist	2	1
kf 17837 [no description available]	1.98	1
mrs 1754 [no description available]	2.41	2	oxopurine
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist	2.37	2
cgs 24012 CGS 24012: adenosine agonist with both high affinity & selectivity for the adenosine A2 receptor	1.98	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	1.98	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	1.97	1
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	1.97	1
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	1.97	1
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	1.97	1
Bronchospasm [description not available]	1.98	1
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	1.98	1
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	1.98	1

1,3-dipropylxanthine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (34)

Research Excerpts

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (8)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (61)

Molecular Functions (10)

Ceullar Components (14)

Bioassays (69)

Research

Studies (26)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.96

Study Types

1,3-dipropylxanthine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (34)

Research Excerpts

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (8)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (61)

Molecular Functions (10)

Ceullar Components (14)

Bioassays (69)

Research

Studies (26)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.96

Study Types

Related Drugs (61)

Related Conditions (7)