Compounds > alpha-ethyl, alpha-methyl-thiobutyrolactone
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

alpha-ethyl, alpha-methyl-thiobutyrolactone

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID128423
CHEMBL ID34197
CHEBI ID35058
MeSH IDM0147538

Synonyms (14)

Synonym
gtpl2363
103620-92-4
C13720 ,
alpha-emtbl
alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl-thiobutyrolactone
chebi:35058 ,
CHEMBL34197
3-ethyl-3-methylthiolan-2-one
AC1L2TRI ,
alpha-ethyl, alpha-methyl-thiobutyrolactone
2(3h)-thiophenone, 3-ethyldihydro-3-methyl-
3-ethyl-3-methyl-tetrahydrothiophen-2-one
Q27074399
DTXSID10908528
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
tetrahydrothiophenes
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (18)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.05000.33000.6100AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.505710.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.497310.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.498810.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.504610.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.506510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.505710.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71254
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)330.00000.05000.33000.6100AID71254
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activityGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathwayGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergicGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signalingGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
osteoblast differentiationGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathwayGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutamate secretionGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretionGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epinephrine secretionGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine secretionGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmissionGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergicGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potentialGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of growth hormone secretionGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potentialGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signalingGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (7)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled GABA receptor activityGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane signaling receptor activityGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled GABA receptor activityGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled GABA receptor activityGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potentialGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potentialGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix protein bindingGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytoplasmGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled GABA receptor complexGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor heterodimeric complexGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor complexGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
extracellular spaceGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicleGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
axolemmaGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaftGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapseGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapseGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled GABA receptor complexGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor heterodimeric complexGamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (33)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID118685Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced tonic seizures at the 25 mg/kg dose; 3/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID72771Percent stimulation of GABA-induced currents in Xenopus Oocytes expressing rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits at 200 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
N-Substituted 4-amino-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanones: new positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor sharing electrophysiological properties with the anticonvulsant loreclezole.
AID118683Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced tonic seizures at the 75 mg/kg dose; 1/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID121997Neurotoxic effects by rotarod test in mice.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Synthesis and structure-activity studies of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones: ligands for the picrotoxin receptor.
AID114399Anticonvulsant activity in mice by maximal electroshock test.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Synthesis and structure-activity studies of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones: ligands for the picrotoxin receptor.
AID113782Anticonvulsant activity in mice against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced clonic seizures1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9
3,3-Dialkyl- and 3-alkyl-3-benzyl-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones: a new class of anticonvulsant agents.
AID72287Displacement of [35S]TBPS from Gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA-A) receptor of rat brain membranes at 100 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
N-Substituted 4-amino-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanones: new positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor sharing electrophysiological properties with the anticonvulsant loreclezole.
AID110420Concentration of brain at 30 min was determined after the compound was administered intraperitoneally at a dose 128 mg/Kg in mice1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Synthesis and structure-activity studies of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones: ligands for the picrotoxin receptor.
AID118674Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced tonic seizures at the 250 mg/kg dose; 0/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID219625Percent stimulation of GABA-induced currents in Xenopus Oocytes expressing mutant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-beta-2(N265S) subunits at 200 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
N-Substituted 4-amino-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanones: new positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor sharing electrophysiological properties with the anticonvulsant loreclezole.
AID118673Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced tonic seizures at the 10 mg/kg dose; 3/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID114400Anticonvulsant activity in mice by inhibition of pentylenetetrazole induced seizures.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Synthesis and structure-activity studies of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones: ligands for the picrotoxin receptor.
AID118660Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced clonic seizures at the 10 mg/kg dose; 3/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID118681Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced tonic seizures at the 50 mg/kg dose; 3/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID71254Binding affinity to picrotoxin site of the Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor was measured using [35S]TBPS as radioligand1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Synthesis and structure-activity studies of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones: ligands for the picrotoxin receptor.
AID118686Compound was evaluated for c anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced tonic seizures at the 100 mg/kg dose; 2/61986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID110424Concentration of brain at 5 min was determined after the compound was administered intraperitoneally at a dose 128 mg/Kg in mice1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Synthesis and structure-activity studies of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones: ligands for the picrotoxin receptor.
AID72291Displacement of [3H]muscimol from Gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA-A) receptor of rat brain membranes at 100 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
N-Substituted 4-amino-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanones: new positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor sharing electrophysiological properties with the anticonvulsant loreclezole.
AID118671Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced clonic seizures at the 75 mg/kg dose; 3/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID118665Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced clonic seizures at the 25 mg/kg dose; 3/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID118657Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced caused clonic seizures at the 100 mg/kg dose; 5/61986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID118667Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced clonic seizures at the 500 mg/kg dose; 0/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID110297Concentration of brain at 20 min was determined after the compound was administered intraperitoneally at a dose 128 mg/Kg in mice1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Synthesis and structure-activity studies of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones: ligands for the picrotoxin receptor.
AID72774Percent stimulation of GABA-induced currents in Xenopus Oocytes expressing rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits at 2 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
N-Substituted 4-amino-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanones: new positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor sharing electrophysiological properties with the anticonvulsant loreclezole.
AID72767Percent stimulation of GABA-induced currents in Xenopus Oocytes expressing rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits at 200 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
N-Substituted 4-amino-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanones: new positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor sharing electrophysiological properties with the anticonvulsant loreclezole.
AID72770Percent stimulation of GABA-induced currents in Xenopus Oocytes expressing rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits at 200 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
N-Substituted 4-amino-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanones: new positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor sharing electrophysiological properties with the anticonvulsant loreclezole.
AID118662Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced clonic seizures at the 250 mg/kg dose; 0/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID72290Displacement of [3H]flunitrazepam from GABA-A receptor of rat brain membranes at 100 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
N-Substituted 4-amino-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanones: new positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor sharing electrophysiological properties with the anticonvulsant loreclezole.
AID110422Concentration of brain at 45 min was determined after the compound was administered intraperitoneally at a dose 128 mg/Kg in mice; ND means not determined1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Synthesis and structure-activity studies of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones: ligands for the picrotoxin receptor.
AID72773Percent stimulation of GABA-induced currents in Xenopus Oocytes expressing rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits at 20 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
N-Substituted 4-amino-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanones: new positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor sharing electrophysiological properties with the anticonvulsant loreclezole.
AID118678Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced tonic seizures at the 500 mg/kg dose; 0/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
AID110295Concentration of brain at 10 min was determined after the compound was administered intraperitoneally at a dose 128 mg/Kg in mice1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Synthesis and structure-activity studies of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones: ligands for the picrotoxin receptor.
AID118670Compound was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced clonic seizures at the 50 mg/kg dose; 3/31986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10
Alkyl-substituted thiolo-, thiono-, and dithio-gamma-butyrolactones: new classes of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (14)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19903 (21.43)18.7374
1990's9 (64.29)18.2507
2000's2 (14.29)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.77

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.77 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.83 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.60 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.77)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other16 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		3.4880amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
carnitine
[no description available]		1.9910amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		1.9710halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		1.9910(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		210imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		2.3920benzodiazepine
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		1.97101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		2.3920branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		2.3920dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		1.9910ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		1.9710barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.940barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.69100butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
2-pyrrolidone
2-pyrrolidone: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidin-2-one : The simplest member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones, consisting of pyrrolidine in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. The lactam arising by the formal intramolecular condensation of the amino and carboxy groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).		1.9910pyrrolidin-2-onesmetabolite;
polar solvent
gamma-thiobutyrolactone
[no description available]		1.9910tetrahydrothiophenes
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		1.9910diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
coenzyme a
[no description available]		1.9910adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
beta-ethyl, beta-methyl-thiobutyrolactone
[no description available]		3.0750
alpha-isopropyl-alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone
alpha-isopropyl-alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone: structure given in first source; picrotoxin receptor antagonist		2.3820
2-ethyl-2-methyl-4-butyrolactone
2-ethyl-2-methyl-4-butyrolactone: structure given in first source		2.8940gamma-lactone
picrotin
picrotin: the less toxic component of PICROTOXIN lacking GABA activity. picrotin : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is picrotoxinin in which the olefinic double bond has undergone addition of water to give the corresponding tertiary alcohol. It is the less toxic component of picrotoxin, lacking GABA activity.		210diol;
epoxide;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid;
tertiary alcohol		plant metabolite
3,3-diethyl-2-pyrrolidinone
3,3-diethyl-2-pyrrolidinone: structure in first source. 3,3-diethyl-2-pyrrolidinone : A pyrrolidin-2-one substituted by two ethyl groups at position 3.		1.9910pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
picrotoxinin
picrotoxinin: toxic component of PICROTOXIN; structure; noncompetitive antagonist of ionotropic GABA-A receptors. picrotoxinin : A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.		2.3920
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		3.0850
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		210
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.3920
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		02.3920