8-bromoadenine profile

8-Bromoadenine is a synthetic analog of adenine, a purine base found in DNA and RNA. It is synthesized by bromination of adenine. 8-Bromoadenine is a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase, an enzyme that replicates DNA. This inhibition is due to the bromine atom at the 8-position, which disrupts the base pairing of adenine with thymine. 8-Bromoadenine has been used in research to study DNA replication, repair, and mutagenesis. It has also been used as a tool to investigate the role of adenine in various biological processes. The compound is of interest to researchers due to its ability to alter DNA function, making it a valuable tool for understanding DNA replication and repair mechanisms. Furthermore, its potential to disrupt cellular processes makes it a possible candidate for the development of new anticancer agents. 8-Bromoadenine has shown promising results in inhibiting the growth of certain cancer cell lines, warranting further investigation into its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent.'

8-bromoadenine: affects DNA repair [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	81457
CHEMBL ID	65747
SCHEMBL ID	8565
SCHEMBL ID	21121885
MeSH ID	M0088273

Synonym
nsc-21697
nsc21697
einecs 230-225-1
nsc 21697
8-bromo-1h-adenine
6974-78-3
8-bromo-9h-purin-6-amine
8-bromoadenine
8-bromo-9h-purin-6-ylamine
OPREA1_043695
8-br-adenine
CHEMBL65747 ,
6-amino-8-bromopurine
STK801768
bdbm50013721
8-bromo-9h-purin-6-ylamine0.9m hcl
8-bromo-7h-purin-6-amine
AKOS004119867
BBL010790
AKOS016003125
8-bromopurine-6-ylamine
FT-0683784
SCHEMBL8565
MB00572
DTXSID70220036
W-203555
8-bromo adenine
8-bromo-9h-purin-6-amine #
1h-purin-6-amine, 8-bromo-
AF-407/01228010
mfcd00082518
9h-purin-6-amine,8-bromo-
J-518220
8-bromo-9h-purin-6-amine, aldrichcpr
8-bromadenin
SCHEMBL21121885
BCP29035
taurocholic sodium
VS-02682
CS-0112888
D77152
A855577
PD183267

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	10.0000	0.0000	0.9306	10.0000	AID418503
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.2000	0.0000	1.0609	9.7920	AID418501
Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	30.0000	0.0002	1.6352	10.0000	AID418502
Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	33.0000	0.0002	0.9316	10.0000	AID418500
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (105)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of adenylate cyclase activity	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contraction	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine secretion	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosis	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular defense response	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system development	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
blood circulation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutamate secretion	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine secretion	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to purine-containing compound	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to caffeine	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of urine volume	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular permeability	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection morphogenesis	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretion	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transport	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory postsynaptic potential	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibition	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of adenylate cyclase activity	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine production	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell degranulation	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mast cell degranulation	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of acute inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of leukocyte migration	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptide secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glomerular filtration	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein targeting to membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosis	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glutamate secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to purine-containing compound	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid catabolic process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nucleoside transport	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neurotrophin production	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transport	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hormone secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid catabolic process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sensory perception of pain	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid homeostasis	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic depression	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
mucus secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mucus secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
triglyceride homeostasis	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (16)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-actinin binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleoside binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
heat shock protein binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
heterotrimeric G-protein binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (18)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
intermediate filament	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
axolemma	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapse	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
axolemma	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapse	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
terminal bouton	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
calyx of Held	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID418500	Displacement of [3H]CCPA from human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 17, Issue:7	8-Bromo-9-alkyl adenine derivatives as tools for developing new adenosine A2A and A2B receptors ligands.
AID418501	Displacement of [3H]NECA from human adenosine A2A receptor expressed in CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 17, Issue:7	8-Bromo-9-alkyl adenine derivatives as tools for developing new adenosine A2A and A2B receptors ligands.
AID418502	Antagonist activity at human adenosine A2B receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of NECA-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 17, Issue:7	8-Bromo-9-alkyl adenine derivatives as tools for developing new adenosine A2A and A2B receptors ligands.
AID418503	Displacement of [3H]NECA from human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 17, Issue:7	8-Bromo-9-alkyl adenine derivatives as tools for developing new adenosine A2A and A2B receptors ligands.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (16.67)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	2 (33.33)	29.6817
2010's	2 (33.33)	24.3611
2020's	1 (16.67)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	8 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
9-ethyladenine [no description available]	2.05	1
adenine [no description available]	3.13	5	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytosine [no description available]	2.25	1	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.05	1	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	7.63	2	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
5-iodocytosine 5-iodocytosine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.25	1
9-benzyladenine [no description available]	2.05	1
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.15	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.15	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	2	1	diatomic bromine
9-methyladenine 9-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-9.	2.05	1	methyladenine	metabolite
7-methyladenine 7-methyladenine: potential marker for monitoring exposure to methylatingcarcinogens. 7-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-7.	2.05	1	methyladenine	metabolite
9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.05	1
hypobromous acid [no description available]	2	1	bromine oxoacid
bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.	2	1	bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2	1	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite

8-bromoadenine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (43)

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (105)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (18)

Bioassays (4)

Research

Studies (6)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.27

Study Types

8-bromoadenine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (43)

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (105)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (18)

Bioassays (4)

Research

Studies (6)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.27

Study Types

Related Drugs (16)

Related Conditions (0)