Retinal dehydrogenase 2

A retinal dehydrogenase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O94788]

Synonyms

RALDH 2;
RalDH2;
EC 1.2.1.36;
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A2;
Retinaldehyde-specific dehydrogenase type 2;
RALDH(II)

Research

Bioassay Publications (3)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	3 (100.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Compounds (4)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
uvitex swn	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	10.0000	1	1
win 18446	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0560	1	1
daidzin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	4.5000	1	1
7-butyl-8-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	100.0000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 4 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
retinal dehydrogenase activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH. Acts on both 11-trans and 13-cis forms of retinal. [EC:1.2.1.36]
3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 3-chloroacrylic acid. [UM-BBD_enzymeID:e0432]
retinal binding	molecular function	Binding to retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina. [ISBN:0198506732]
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+. [EC:1.2.1.3]

Located In

This protein is located in 3 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
cytoplasm	cellular component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	cellular component	Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. [GOC:jid]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 40 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
blood vessel development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. [GOC:hjd, UBERON:0001981]
kidney development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0721662544]
liver development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. [GOC:add, ISBN:068340007X]
retinoic acid biosynthetic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. [GOC:hjd]
heart morphogenesis	biological process	The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]
vitamin A metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene. [GOC:jl, http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/biochem/thcme/vitamins.html#k]
midgut development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0001045]
cell population proliferation	biological process	The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. [GOC:mah, GOC:mb]
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
determination of bilateral symmetry	biological process	The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. [GOC:go_curators]
proximal/distal pattern formation	biological process	The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end). [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete]
positive regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
neural crest cell development	biological process	The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:dh, GOC:ef]
morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium	biological process	The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. [GOC:jl]
neural tube development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
pituitary gland development	biological process	The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
neuron differentiation	biological process	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. [GOC:mah]
lung development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0002048]
hindbrain development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium). [http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=hindbrain]
pancreas development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones. [GOC:cvs]
embryonic camera-type eye development	biological process	The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]
response to estradiol	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0911910123]
response to retinoic acid	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus. [GOC:sl]
response to vitamin A	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus. [GOC:sl]
response to cytokine	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. [GOC:sl]
embryonic forelimb morphogenesis	biological process	The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human. [ISBN:0198612001]
ureter maturation	biological process	A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:yaf, PMID:17881463]
retinol metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A. [GOC:jl, http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/vitamins.html, PMID:1924551]
retinoic acid metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. [GOC:jl, http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/vitamins.html]
retinal metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A. [ISBN:0198506732]
9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative. [GOC:jl, PMID:11279029]
positive regulation of apoptotic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
embryonic digestive tract development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus. [GOC:go_curators]
cardiac muscle tissue development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]
protein homotetramerization	biological process	The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits. [GOC:go_curators]
face development	biological process	The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head. [GOC:dph]
cellular response to retinoic acid	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus. [GOC:mah]
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis	biological process	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to somitogenesis. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:nc, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23201774]