iobitridol profile

Iobitridol is a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent used in medical imaging, primarily for computed tomography (CT) scans. It is a triiodinated derivative of benzoic acid, synthesized through a multi-step process involving the reaction of 2,4,6-triiodo-m-anisic acid with various reagents to form the desired molecule. Iobitridol is known for its rapid renal excretion, leading to minimal contrast-induced nephropathy. Its ability to enhance the contrast between different tissues in CT scans makes it crucial for diagnosing various medical conditions, including tumors, infections, and vascular abnormalities. Iobitridol's low osmolarity minimizes potential adverse effects on the body, contributing to its wide adoption in clinical practice. Research on iobitridol focuses on its safety profile, pharmacokinetic properties, and efficacy in various clinical applications.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	65985
CHEMBL ID	2107212
CHEBI ID	31701
SCHEMBL ID	23057
MeSH ID	M0245926

Synonym
iobitridol [inn]
xenetix
5-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-propionamido]-n-n -dimethyl-n-n -bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
1,3-benzenedicarboxamide, n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-((5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxopropyl)amino)-2,4,6-triiodo-n,n'-dimethyl-
n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-(2-(hydroxymethyl)hydracrylamido)-2,4,6-triiodo-n,n'-dimethylisophthalamide
IOBITRIDOL ,
136949-58-1
D01181
iobitridol (jan/inn)
1-n,3-n-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanoyl]amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-1-n,3-n-dimethylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
5-(3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylpropionamido)-n,n'-dimethyl-n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
unii-182ech14uh
xenetix 300
182ech14uh ,
iobitridol [inn:ban]
CHEMBL2107212
chebi:31701 ,
FT-0627244
iobitridol [jan]
iobitridol [mart.]
iobitridol [mi]
iobitridol [who-dd]
1,3-benzenedicarboxamide, n1,n3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-((3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxopropyl)amino)-2,4,6-triiodo-n1,n3-dimethyl-
n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-((3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxopropyl)amino)-2,4,6-triiodo-n,n'-dimethyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide
5-(3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-propionamido)-n,n'-dimethyl-n,n'-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
SCHEMBL23057
n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-{[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanoyl]amino}-2,4,6-triiodo-n,n'-dimethylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
J-006941
DB12407
DTXSID90869865
Q6062197
NCGC00532516-01
n1,n3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanamido]-2,4,6-triiodo-n1,n3-dimethylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
EN300-19767593
AKOS040744476

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Iobitridol is a safe contrast medium with a high tolerability and efficacy. "	( Safety Analysis of Iobitridol as a Nonionic Contrast Medium: A Postmarketing Multicenter Surveillance Study With 94,960 Patients Almost 20 Years After Introduction. Collettini, F; Darmon-Kern, E; Gorodetski, B; Hamm, B; Heine, O; Penzkofer, T; Wolf, M, 2020)	2.33
"Iobitridol was shown to be a safe and well-tolerated contrast medium with a low incidence of adverse events in patients with and without risk factors resulting in a good or excellent image quality in most patients."	( Safety and tolerability of iobitridol in general and in patients with risk factors: results in more than 160,000 patients. Freyhardt, P; Hamm, B; Heine, O; Maurer, M; Schnapauff, D; Wolf, M, 2011)	2.11
"Iobitridol is a water-soluble, non-ionic, monomeric, low-osmolar, iodine-based contrast medium in which the potential for interaction with membrane proteins in the body has been minimized by stable masking of the molecule's lipophilic tri-iodinated benzene ring. "	( Iobitridol: a review of its use as a contrast medium in diagnostic imaging. McCormack, PL, 2013)	3.28
"Iobitridol is a new nonionic low-osmolality contrast medium. "	( Whole body quantitative autoradiographic study of the biodistribution of iobitridol in rats. Bourrinet, P; Bromet-Petit, M; Chambon, C; Cochet, P; Dencausse, A, 1994)	1.96
"Iobitridol is a new non-ionic, low-osmolality contrast medium for urography and angiography. "	( High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of iobitridol in plasma, urine and bile. Bonnemain, B; Bourrinet, P; Chambon, C; Dencausse, A; Feldman, H, 1995)	1.98
"Iobitridol (Xenetix) is a new triiodinated monomer, nonionic, low-osmolality contrast agent. "	( Pharmacokinetic profile of iobitridol. Chambon, C; Dencausse, A; Feldman, H; Havard, P; Violas, X, 1996)	2.03
"Iobitridol is a safe and effective nonionic contrast agent for contrast-enhanced body CT."	( Iobitridol 300 compared to iopromide 300--a double-blind randomized phase-III study of clinical tolerance in total body CT. Hoogewoud, HM; Woessmer, B, 1996)	3.18
"Iobitridol is a safe and efficient contrast agent in urography."	( Clinical safety and efficacy of iobitridol in urography. Bakker, AJ; Falke, TH; Meiss, L; Van Waes, PF, 1996)	2.02
"Iobitridol appears to be a safe, well tolerated and effective contrast agent, when used for brain and body CT in children."	( Clinical tolerance and diagnostic efficacy of iobitridol in contrast-enhanced CT in children. Shaw, D; Smets, A, 1996)	2
"Iobitridol is a safe and effective contrast agent for pediatric angiocardiography."	( Safety and efficacy of Xenetix, a new iodinated contrast agent, in pediatric angiocardiography. Chantepie, A; Losay, J; Lusson, JR; Rossignol, AM, 1996)	1.74

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Iobitridol (Xenetix) has been registered in Germany since 1996."	( Results of the safety and efficacy of iobitridol in more than 61,000 patients. Hamm, B; Peters, CR; Petersein, J; Wolf, M, 2003)	1.31

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" It is concluded that iobitridol is a safe and effective contrast medium."	( Assessment of the safety and efficacy of iobitridol, an iodinated contrast medium (30% iodine), in cranial CT. Moseley, I; Taylor, W, 1995)	0.87
"The efficacy and adverse reactions of iobitridol versus iohexol in contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the head were investigated."	( Efficacy and safety of iobitridol versus iohexol for contrast-enhanced CT of the head. Caille, JM; Clarisse, J; Drouillard, J; Frija, G; Froment, JC; Gandon, Y; Gaston, A, 1996)	0.88
" The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups (11."	( Efficacy and safety of iobitridol versus iohexol for contrast-enhanced CT of the head. Caille, JM; Clarisse, J; Drouillard, J; Frija, G; Froment, JC; Gandon, Y; Gaston, A, 1996)	0.6
"Iobitridol is a safe and efficient contrast agent in urography."	( Clinical safety and efficacy of iobitridol in urography. Bakker, AJ; Falke, TH; Meiss, L; Van Waes, PF, 1996)	2.02
" Clinical safety was evaluated by recording the adverse events observed during investigation and by the patient's assessments."	( Safety and efficacy of the new iodinated nonionic low-osmolality contrast medium Iobitridol (Xenetix) in coronary and ventricular angiography. Aliot, E; Ethevenot, B; Funck, F; Lefevre, T, 1996)	0.52
" Four patients experienced an adverse event, 2 in each group."	( Safety and efficacy of the new iodinated nonionic low-osmolality contrast medium Iobitridol (Xenetix) in coronary and ventricular angiography. Aliot, E; Ethevenot, B; Funck, F; Lefevre, T, 1996)	0.52
" Nature,onset,intensity as well as outcome of each adverse reaction was reported."	( Safety and efficacy of Xenetix, a new iodinated contrast agent, in pediatric angiocardiography. Chantepie, A; Losay, J; Lusson, JR; Rossignol, AM, 1996)	0.29
"Iobitridol is a safe and effective contrast agent for pediatric angiocardiography."	( Safety and efficacy of Xenetix, a new iodinated contrast agent, in pediatric angiocardiography. Chantepie, A; Losay, J; Lusson, JR; Rossignol, AM, 1996)	1.74
" Clinical safety was assessed by the reporting of adverse events and diagnostic efficacy was evaluated."	( Evaluation of the clinical safety and efficacy of iobitridol (Xenetix) in intravenous urography. Fournier, PJ; Freitag, P; Steinbrich, W; Voegeli, E, 1996)	0.55
"The authors compare the toxic effects of iobitridol and iohexol, which are nonionic contrast media with equivalent osmolalities and viscosities on the kidney."	( Comparative toxic effects of iobitridol and iohexol on the kidney. Gemba, M; Kawamura, H; Satoh, Y; Shimada, M; Sugimoto, J; Tanaka, E; Wasaki, M, 1998)	0.86
"These findings suggest that iobitridol has significantly less toxic effects on the kidney compared with iohexol under the condition of our experiment."	( Comparative toxic effects of iobitridol and iohexol on the kidney. Gemba, M; Kawamura, H; Satoh, Y; Shimada, M; Sugimoto, J; Tanaka, E; Wasaki, M, 1998)	0.89
"The purpose of this study was to review the rate of adverse events after contrast medium administration in the general population and at-risk patients (renal impairment, heart failure (NYHA III or IV), hypotension or hypertension, coronary artery disease, previous reaction to contrast media, asthma and/or allergies, dehydration, diabetes mellitus, poor general condition) under daily practice conditions in a post-marketing surveillance study."	( Safety of iobitridol in the general population and at-risk patients. Hammerstingl, R; Honold, E; Mohajeri, H; Vogl, TJ; Wolf, M, 2006)	0.74
"To evaluate the frequency of adverse events and possible risk factors after the administration of an intravenous contrast medium (CM), iobitridol, in a large multicentre postmarketing surveillance study."	( Intravenous contrast media in uroradiology: evaluation of safety and tolerability in almost 50,000 patients. Alken, P; Knoll, T; Michel, MS; Peters, CR; Rotert, H; Trojan, L; Wendt-Nordahl, G, 2006)	0.54
" Age, sex, indication for the actual examination and adverse events were documented."	( Intravenous contrast media in uroradiology: evaluation of safety and tolerability in almost 50,000 patients. Alken, P; Knoll, T; Michel, MS; Peters, CR; Rotert, H; Trojan, L; Wendt-Nordahl, G, 2006)	0.33
"9% of the patients experienced acute adverse events that were non-serious and transient."	( Intravenous contrast media in uroradiology: evaluation of safety and tolerability in almost 50,000 patients. Alken, P; Knoll, T; Michel, MS; Peters, CR; Rotert, H; Trojan, L; Wendt-Nordahl, G, 2006)	0.33
"Iobitridol is clinically safe and well tolerated in urography as demonstrated in this study of a large patient population, producing mainly minor symptoms as adverse events."	( Intravenous contrast media in uroradiology: evaluation of safety and tolerability in almost 50,000 patients. Alken, P; Knoll, T; Michel, MS; Peters, CR; Rotert, H; Trojan, L; Wendt-Nordahl, G, 2006)	1.78
" Adverse events were documented and the image quality was assessed."	( Safety and tolerability of iobitridol in general and in patients with risk factors: results in more than 160,000 patients. Freyhardt, P; Hamm, B; Heine, O; Maurer, M; Schnapauff, D; Wolf, M, 2011)	0.67
" The adverse event rate (e."	( Safety and tolerability of iobitridol in general and in patients with risk factors: results in more than 160,000 patients. Freyhardt, P; Hamm, B; Heine, O; Maurer, M; Schnapauff, D; Wolf, M, 2011)	0.67
"Iobitridol was shown to be a safe and well-tolerated contrast medium with a low incidence of adverse events in patients with and without risk factors resulting in a good or excellent image quality in most patients."	( Safety and tolerability of iobitridol in general and in patients with risk factors: results in more than 160,000 patients. Freyhardt, P; Hamm, B; Heine, O; Maurer, M; Schnapauff, D; Wolf, M, 2011)	2.11
" Intravenous provocation with a skin test-negative RCM is safe and enables identification of a tolerated alternative RCM."	( Radiocontrast Media Hypersensitivity: Skin Testing Differentiates Allergy From Nonallergic Reactions and Identifies a Safe Alternative as Proven by Intravenous Provocation. Behle, V; Brockow, K; Stoevesandt, J; Trautmann, A, )	0.13
"49%) experienced an adverse event (AE), and 24 patients (0."	( Safety Analysis of Iobitridol as a Nonionic Contrast Medium: A Postmarketing Multicenter Surveillance Study With 94,960 Patients Almost 20 Years After Introduction. Collettini, F; Darmon-Kern, E; Gorodetski, B; Hamm, B; Heine, O; Penzkofer, T; Wolf, M, 2020)	0.89
"Iobitridol is a safe contrast medium with a high tolerability and efficacy."	( Safety Analysis of Iobitridol as a Nonionic Contrast Medium: A Postmarketing Multicenter Surveillance Study With 94,960 Patients Almost 20 Years After Introduction. Collettini, F; Darmon-Kern, E; Gorodetski, B; Hamm, B; Heine, O; Penzkofer, T; Wolf, M, 2020)	2.33

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Hypofractionated radiotherapy of rectal cancer leads to an increased tumor perfusion as reflected by an elevated K(trans), possibly improving the bioavailability of cytotoxic agents in rectal tumors, often administered early after radiotherapy treatment."	( Tumor perfusion increases during hypofractionated short-course radiotherapy in rectal cancer: sequential perfusion-CT findings. Aerts, HJ; Backes, WH; Buijsen, J; Janssen, MH; Kierkels, RG; Lambin, P; Lammering, G; Ollers, MC, 2010)	0.36

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" When optimal bolus timing was performed, higher vessel enhancement was observed during bolus first pass with iobitridol (iodine dosage 250 mg I/kg) compared with P743 (150 mg I/kg)."	( CT pulmonary angiography with a macromolecular contrast medium: a comparative study versus iobitridol in rabbits. Berthezene, Y; Canet, E; Corot, C; Violas, X; Wiart, M, 2001)	0.74

Role	Description
xenobiotic	A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
environmental contaminant	Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
radioopaque medium	A substance having the property of absorbing, and therefore being opaque to, electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
organoiodine compound	An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.
hexol	A polyol that contains 6 hydroxy groups.
benzenedicarboxamide
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	33 (18.33)	18.2507
2000's	50 (27.78)	29.6817
2010's	88 (48.89)	24.3611
2020's	9 (5.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	35 (17.77%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (3.05%)	6.00%
Case Studies	16 (8.12%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.51%)	0.25%
Other	139 (70.56%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.38	1	1	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	9.91	4	2	diatomic iodine	nutrient
theophylline [no description available]	5.76	2	2	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.11	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	5.76	2	2	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	14.65	19	3	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	16.12	180	33	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iomeprol iomeprol: structure given in first source. iomeprol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.	9.11	18	3	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	10.52	21	7	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	4.08	3	1	organic molecular entity
iotrolan iotrolan: nonionic, isotonic contrast medium designed for intrathecal use; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; DL-3-117 refers to stereoisomer; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	organic molecular entity
ioversol [no description available]	6.23	10	0	amidobenzoic acid
ioxaglate Ioxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.. ioxaglic acid : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.	6.81	5	3	benzenedicarboxamide; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
ioxilan [no description available]	3.53	2	0	amidobenzoic acid
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.13	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.13	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.38	1	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.08	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.03	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.21	1	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.01	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	2.5	2	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	2.11	1	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	6.17	4	3	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).	2.07	1	0	sulfur coordination entity	greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.25	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	2.07	1	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
ioxitalamic acid ioxitalamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; Telebrix 38 contains both sodium ioxitalamate & meglumine ioxitalamate; structure. iooxitalamic acid : An organoiodine compound that is 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3 and a (2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl group at position 5. It is used as a contrast medium.	4.08	3	1	acetamides; benzoic acids; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	1.99	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
pimonidazole pimonidazole: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
iopentol [no description available]	3.52	2	0	amidobenzoic acid
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	11.03	31	8	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	4.35	4	1	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.03	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetate gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate: RN refers to Na salt	2.45	2	0
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	3.43	1	1
iothalamate meglumine Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.	2.03	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.02	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
bilirubin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	2.46	2	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.03	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
meglumine ioxithalamate meglumine ioxithalamate: structure	2.03	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.96	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.01	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	3.06	4	0
Exanthem [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	3.06	4	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	0	2.6	1	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	0	2.6	1	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	0	2.25	1	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	0	2.25	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	0	2.25	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	6.62	18	3
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	2.82	3	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Carotid Artery Thrombosis Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.	0	2.25	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	2.58	2	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	2.25	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	2.25	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	2.25	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	2.82	3	0
Bleeding [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.	0	3.55	2	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	0	3.55	2	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	3.23	1	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	2.81	3	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	3.01	4	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	2.81	3	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	3.01	4	0
Angiomyolipoma A benign tumor containing vascular, adipose, and muscle elements. It occurs most often in the kidney with smooth muscle elements (angiolipoleiomyoma) in association with tuberous sclerosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.17	1	0
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	0	2.52	2	0
Impotence [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	0	2.13	1	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	2.54	2	0
Emesis [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	2.17	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	2.17	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	2.17	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.17	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	2.52	2	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	7.24	8	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	1	9.24	8	1
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	4.57	5	1
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	0	4.57	5	1
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	5.9	8	3
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	0	5.9	8	3
Acute Renal Colic [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	0	2.21	1	0
Renal Colic A severe intermittent and spasmodic pain in the lower back radiating to the groin, scrotum, and labia which is most commonly caused by a kidney stone (RENAL CALCULUS) passing through the URETER or by other urinary track blockage. It is often associated with nausea, vomiting, fever, restlessness, dull pain, frequent urination, and HEMATURIA.	0	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	2.08	1	0
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	0	2.98	4	0
Compartment Syndromes Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes.	0	2.48	2	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	4.4	1	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	4.4	1	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	5.07	9	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	3.84	2	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	5.07	9	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	3.84	2	1
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	2.1	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	4.36	4	1
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	4.36	4	1
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	2.1	1	0
Acute Cholecystitis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cholecystitis, Acute Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.	0	2.08	1	0
Hypermobility, Joint [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	0	2.1	1	0
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	0	2.1	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	0	2.1	1	0
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13).	0	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	2.08	1	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	0	2.1	1	0
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	0	2.11	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	2.77	3	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	2.1	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Esophageal Varices [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	0	2.11	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Varices [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	0	2.11	1	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	0	2.11	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	2.97	4	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	2.11	1	0
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	0	2.11	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	2.78	3	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Esophageal Hernia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	0	2.11	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	3.83	2	1
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	2.11	1	0
Co-infection [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	0	2.11	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	2.49	2	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	2.47	2	0
Embolus [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	2.74	3	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	0	2.11	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	2.5	2	0
Choledocholithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the COMMON BILE DUCT.	0	2.13	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Icterus [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	0	2.13	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	2.13	1	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	3.53	1	1
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	3.53	1	1
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	0	3.85	2	1
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	0	2.05	1	0
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	0	2.05	1	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	0	2.05	1	0
Pancreatic Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.	0	2.05	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	4.09	3	1
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	3.43	1	1
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	4.09	3	1
Adenitis, Salivary Gland [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Submandibular Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND.	0	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	0	2.05	1	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Rib Fractures Fractures of any of the RIBS.	0	2.06	1	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Fallopian Tube Diseases Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS); SALPINGITIS; tubo-ovarian abscess; and blockage.	0	2.06	1	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	0	2.06	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	2.7	3	0
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	0	2.06	1	0
Coin Lesion, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.05	1	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	0	2.06	1	0
Ectopia Cordis A rare developmental defect in which the heart is abnormally located partially or totally outside the THORAX. It is the result of defective fusion of the anterior chest wall. Depending on the location of the heart, ectopia cordis can be thoracic, thoracoabdominal, abdominal, and cervical.	0	2.06	1	0
Fallot's Tetralogy [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Cantrell Haller Ravitch syndrome [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Tetralogy of Fallot A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.	0	2.06	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	9.81	12	8
Mitral Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.	0	2.06	1	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	0	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	0	2.07	1	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	0	3.46	1	1
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	0	3.46	1	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	2.07	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	2.07	1	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	0	2.07	1	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	0	2.07	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	2.07	1	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	0	2.08	1	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	0	2.08	1	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	2.08	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	2.01	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	2.01	1	0
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.	0	2.41	2	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	0	2.42	2	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	0	2.02	1	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	4.09	3	1
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	4.09	3	1
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	0	2.02	1	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	0	2.72	3	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	2.02	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	2.03	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	2.03	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	2.03	1	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	7.45	4	4
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	7.84	5	5
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	7.45	4	4
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	7.84	5	5
Shoulder Injuries Injuries involving the SHOULDERS and SHOULDER JOINT.	0	2.03	1	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	0	2.03	1	0
MODS [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	0	2.03	1	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	2.03	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	2.03	1	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	7.03	1	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	2.03	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	2.04	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	1.98	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	1.99	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	1.99	1	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	0	3.39	1	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	2	1	0

iobitridol

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