sinomenine and Body-Weight

Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Body Weight; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Female; Inflammasomes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microglia; Morphinans; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Peptide Fragments; Pyroptosis; Random Allocation; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Spinal Cord

Sinomenine, a pure alkaloid isolated in Chinese medicine from the root of Sinomenium acutum, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gradually being recognized as critical mediators of disease pathogenesis via coordinated regulation of molecular effector pathways.. After colitis was induced in mice by instillation of 5% (w/v) 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), sinomenine at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg was orally administered once daily for 7 days. We evaluated body weight, survival rate, diarrhea score, histological score and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The mRNA and protein expression levels of miR-155, c-Maf, TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Sinomenine (100 or 200 mg/kg)-treated mice with TNBS-induced colitis were significantly improved in terms of body weight, survival rate, diarrhea score, histological score and MPO activity compared with untreated mice. Both dosages of sinomenine significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of c-Maf, TNF-α and IFN-γ, which elevated in TNBS-induced colitis. Furthermore, sinomenine at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the level of miR-155 expression by 71% (p = 0.025) compared with untreated TNBS-induced colitis in mice.. Our study evaluated the effects and potential mechanisms of sinomenine in the anti-inflammatory response via miRNA-155 in mice with TNBS-induced colitis. Our findings suggest that sinomenine has anti-inflammatory effects on TNBS-induced colitis by down-regulating the levels of miR-155 and several related inflammatory cytokines.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Body Weight; Colitis; Interferon-gamma; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; MicroRNAs; Morphinans; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum. It was demonstrated that sinomenine had anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in the previous studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate therapeutic effects of sinomenine on 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice. Two hours following colonic instillation of TNBS, sinomenine with several doses (30, 100, 200 mg/kg) was given by gastric gavage once daily for 7 days. Comparing with the saline-treated mice with TNBS-induced colitis, sinomenine (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg)-treated mice with TNBS-induced colitis were shown improvements of weight loss, macroscopic score, histological score, and myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, treatments with sinomenine (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) decreased the up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) caused by TNBS. Our findings suggest that sinomenine attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in mice and the therapeutic mechanism might be related to the reduction of up-regulated colonic TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production caused by TNBS.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Body Weight; Colitis; Colon; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Interferon-gamma; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Morphinans; Peroxidase; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To explore the effect of sinomenine on the nitric oxide (NO)/neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) system in the cerebellum and spinal cord of morphine-dependent and morphine-withdrawal Kunming mice, mice were subjected to injection of morphine with an increasing dose for 5 d, and then were treated with sinomenine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) for another 5 d. Naloxone was used to develop acute withdrawal, and the withdrawal syndromes, including teeth chattering, twisting, straightening, sneezing and ptosis, were investigated. nNOS mRNA expressions in the cerebellum and spinal cord were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. nNOS activity and NO level were determined by the chemistry-colorimetry and nitrate reductase-reduction, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Sinomenine restored the decrease in body weight and alleviated the signs of morphine-withdrawal in mice. (2) Sinomenine also reduced the increases in nNOS mRNA expression and nNOS activity resulting from morphine-dependence, and simultaneously attenuated the high level of NO in both tissues following morphine-withdrawal. (3) Administration of sinomenine alone did not develop physical dependence in mice. The results obtained indicate that sinomenine may attenuate morphine addiction and significantly alleviate morphine-withdrawal symptoms, and the mechanism may be associated with the effect of sinomenine on the NO/nNOS system in the cerebellum and spinal cord.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cerebellum; Male; Mice; Morphinans; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

To study on the detoxification effect of sinamine in morphine-dependent rats.. Morphine-dependent rats were induced by injecting morphine on dosage increasing by degrees, then treated with medication. The withdrawal symptoms, body weight and NE, DA, 5-HT in the brain were tested.. Sinamine could alleviate withdrawal symptom, reablement body weight, inhibit neurotransmitter in the brain.. Sinamine have effects on morphine-dependent rats which may relate to modulating neurotransmitter.

Topics: Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Body Weight; Brain; Dopamine; Male; Morphinans; Morphine Dependence; Norepinephrine; Rats; Serotonin; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome