Page last updated: 2024-11-13
AKB48
Description
Research Excerpts
Clinical Trials
Roles
Classes
Pathways
Study Profile
Bioassays
Related Drugs
Related Conditions
Protein Interactions
Research Growth
Market Indicators
Description
N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentylindazole-3-carboxamide: a synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
Cross-References
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 57404063 |
| CHEMBL ID | 4575047 |
| CHEBI ID | 186311 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 16755272 |
Synonyms (36)
| Synonym |
|---|
| FT-0661445 |
| akb48 |
| 1345973-53-6 |
| n-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentylindazole-3-carboxamide |
| CHEBI:186311 |
| BCP9000254 |
| 1-pentyl-n-tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-yl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide |
| BCP0726000136 |
| akb-48 |
| dea no. 7048 |
| apinaca |
| n-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide |
| mhr0400y84 , |
| unii-mhr0400y84 |
| akb 48 |
| SCHEMBL16755272 |
| UCTCCIPCJZKWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| AKOS025149432 |
| 1-pentyl-n-tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)dec-1-yl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide |
| 1h-indazole-3-carboxamide, 1-pentyl-n-tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)dec-1-yl- |
| j3.410.295c , |
| AKOS025212738 |
| akb-48 (apinaca; n-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide) 1.0 mg/ml in acetonitrile |
| akb-48; apinaca; n-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide; 1-pentyl-n-tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3),?]dec-1-yl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide |
| akb-48 (apinaca; n-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide) 0.1 mg/ml in acetonitrile |
| akb-48 (apinaca; n-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide) |
| apinaca (akb-48), 100 mug/ml in methanol, certified reference material |
| n-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-indazole-3-carboxamide |
| BCP22886 |
| Q4391382 |
| DTXSID90928683 |
| CHEMBL4575047 |
| akb48-d9 |
| akb-48 (apinaca), 1mg/ml in methanol |
| akb-48 (apinaca), 0.1mg/ml in methanol |
| akb-48 (apinaca) |
Research Excerpts
Effects
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "AKB48 (Apinaca) has been classified as a third-generation synthetic cannabinoid for the first time in 2014." | ( Inflammation and oxidative stress are key mediators in AKB48-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Abudayyak, M; Celiksoz, M; Özhan, G; Oztas, E, 2019) | 1.48 |
Toxicity
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Abuse of SCs is dangerous because users may mistake them for natural cannabis, which is generally considered to be unlikely to elicit adverse effects." | ( Metabolism, CB1 cannabinoid receptor binding and in vivo activity of synthetic cannabinoid 5F-AKB48: Implications for toxicity. Bush, JM; Cabanlong, CV; Fantegrossi, WE; Fujiwara, R; Fukuda, S; Gogoi, J; Jackson, BK; McCain, K; Pinson, A; Prather, PL; Radominska-Pandya, A; Shoeib, A; Yarbrough, AL, 2020) | 0.78 |
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
Drug Classes (2)
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| indazoles | |
| aromatic amide | An amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
Protein Targets (2)
Activation Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabinoid receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 0.0380 | 0.0001 | 0.1275 | 2.2400 | AID1576615 |
| Cannabinoid receptor 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 0.0920 | 0.0003 | 0.1517 | 3.2800 | AID1576617 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
Biological Processes (39)
Molecular Functions (4)
| Process | via Protein(s) | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| cannabinoid receptor activity | Cannabinoid receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| protein binding | Cannabinoid receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| identical protein binding | Cannabinoid receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| G protein-coupled receptor activity | Cannabinoid receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| protein binding | Cannabinoid receptor 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| cannabinoid receptor activity | Cannabinoid receptor 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release] | ||
Ceullar Components (13)
Bioassays (10)
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1576628 | Agonist activity at human CB2-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 at 10 uM by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| AID1576629 | Antagonist activity at human CB2-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 at 10 uM pre-incubated for 10 mins and later treated with 100 nM CB-receptor agonist, CP55940 by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| AID1576618 | Agonist activity at human CB2-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 assessed as maximum efficacy by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay relative to CP55940 | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| AID1576616 | Agonist activity at human CB1-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 assessed as maximum efficacy by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay relative to CP55940 | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| AID1576627 | Agonist activity at human CB1-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 at 10 uM by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| AID1576619 | Antagonist activity at human CB1-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 pre-incubated for 10 mins and later treated with 100 nM CB-receptor agonist, CP55940 by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| AID1576630 | Antagonist activity at human CB1-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 at 10 uM pre-incubated for 10 mins and later treated with 100 nM CB-receptor agonist, CP55940 by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| AID1576620 | Antagonist activity at human CB2-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 pre-incubated for 10 mins and later treated with 100 nM CB-receptor agonist, CP55940 by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| AID1576615 | Agonist activity at human CB1-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| AID1576617 | Agonist activity at human CB2-receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells coexpressing G-alpha16 by Fluo-4-AM dye based calcium mobilization assay | 2019 | MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12 | Introducing nitrogen atoms to amidoalkylindoles: potent and selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists with improved aqueous solubility. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
Research
Studies (14)
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 10 (71.43) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4 (28.57) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
Market Indicators
Research Demand Index: 118.31
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (118.31) All Compounds (24.57) |
Study Types
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1 (7.14%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 13 (92.86%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||