Page last updated: 2024-11-07

1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl-boronic acid

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Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID151253
CHEMBL ID485742
SCHEMBL ID129728
MeSH IDM0270113

Synonyms (57)

Synonym
AC-5005
phenylboronic acid, 23
bdbm26132
(4-phenylphenyl)boranediol
boronic acid, [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl-
inchi=1/c12h11bo2/c14-13(15)12-8-6-11(7-9-12)10-4-2-1-3-5-10/h1-9,14-15
biphenyl-4-ylboronic acid
4-biphenylboronic acid, >=95.0%
4-biphenylboronic acid
5122-94-1
B2294 ,
AKOS000277884
biphenyl-4-boronic acid
(4-phenylphenyl)boronic acid
CHEMBL485742
biphenylboronic acid
A7568
[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylboronic acid
NCGC00249525-02
NCGC00249525-01
1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl-boronic acid
(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-ylboronic acid
boronic acid, (1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl-
(4-biphenyl)boronic acid
BCP9000022
4-phenylphenylboronic acid
4-phenylbenzeneboronic acid
(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)boronic acid
BP-12155
FT-0617680
AM20060422
AB03333
SCHEMBL129728
J-501362
4-(dihydroxyboryl)-1,1'-biphenyl
1,1'-biphenyl-4-ylboronic acid
4-phenylphenyl boronic acid
4-biphenyl boronic acid
4-phenyl-phenylboronic acid
biphenyl-4-yl-boronic acid
(4-biphenylyl)boronic acid
4-(phenyl)phenylboronic acid
XPEIJWZLPWNNOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
mfcd00093311
DTXSID90199230
CS-W002364
SY031947
BCP22752
[1,1-biphenyl]-4-ylboronic acid
(1,1-biphenyl-4-yl)boronic acid
4-biphenylboronic acid, (contains varying amounts of anhydride)
AS-14566
OL10081
4-diphenyl boric acid
EN300-03905
Z119990214
HY-W002364
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (8)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Acyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)10.22500.00251.17613.5500AID1799826
Acyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)10.22500.01961.28733.5500AID1799826
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki3.70000.00001.372610.0000AID424442
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki4.50000.00000.72369.9200AID424443
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)4.95800.00051.33138.0000AID1281385; AID1798637; AID346655
Carbonic anhydraseCandida albicans SC5314Ki7.80000.01051.44448.3470AID424445
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00020.606010.0000AID1281384
Monoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)12.67370.00091.126810.0000AID1798637; AID346656
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (66)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protein depalmitoylationAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid transportAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transportAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of aggrephagyAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein depalmitoylationAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
axon guidanceAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
acylglycerol catabolic processAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin catabolic processAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epitheliumCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reductionCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic anion transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
secretionCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pHCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
carbon dioxide transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
thermoceptionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IITransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
fever generationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
diet induced thermogenesisTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide secretionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
chemosensory behaviorTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of heart rateTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potentialTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate secretionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heatTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to peptide hormoneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic processTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to painTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of mechanical stimulusTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoceptionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of painTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of painTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotetramerizationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction involved in micturitionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to alkaloidTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factorTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to acidic pHTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulusTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrierTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion import across plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to capsazepineTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulusTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid biosynthetic processMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transductionMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic processMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
triglyceride catabolic processMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
acylglycerol catabolic processMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory responseMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of sensory perception of painMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
monoacylglycerol catabolic processMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of endocannabinoid signaling pathwayMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (28)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
phospholipase activityAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lysophospholipase activityAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activityAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipase activityAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic ester hydrolase activityAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lysophospholipase activityAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activityAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic ester hydrolase activityAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
hydro-lyase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activityCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane signaling receptor activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellularly gated calcium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel regulator activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
temperature-gated ion channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
lysophospholipase activityMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
acylglycerol lipase activityMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (16)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membraneAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAcyl-protein thioesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi stackAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAcyl-protein thioesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheathCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cellCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cellCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneMonoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (17)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID424445Inhibition of Candida albicans recombinant Carbonic anhydrase pre-incubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrases from Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with boronic acids.
AID346655Inhibition of Wistar rat brain FAAH assessed as [3H]arachidonoylethanolamide hydrolysis2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
Discovery of boronic acids as novel and potent inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase.
AID424443Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrases from Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with boronic acids.
AID1281385Inhibition of rat brain FAAH assessed as hydrolysis of [14C]AEA to [14C]Ethanolamine incubated for 30 mins by scintillation counting method2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Arylboronic acids as dual-action FAAH and TRPV1 ligands.
AID437826Inhibition of penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 PBP2X assessed as residual activity at 100 uM preincubated for 60 mins before addition of substrate mixture of (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenz2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19
Synthesis and evaluation of 3-(dihydroxyboryl)benzoic acids as D,D-carboxypeptidase R39 inhibitors.
AID424444Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans recombinant Carbonic anhydrase 2 pre-incubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrases from Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with boronic acids.
AID1281382Agonist activity at recombinant human TRPV1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry relative to ionomycin2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Arylboronic acids as dual-action FAAH and TRPV1 ligands.
AID424442Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrases from Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with boronic acids.
AID437829Inhibition of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 5204 PBP2X assessed as residual activity at 100 uM preincubated for 4 hrs before addition of substrate mixture of (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenz2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19
Synthesis and evaluation of 3-(dihydroxyboryl)benzoic acids as D,D-carboxypeptidase R39 inhibitors.
AID437818Inhibition of Actinomadura sp. R39 penicillin-binding protein assessed as residual activity at 100 uM preincubated for 60 mins before addition of substrate mixture of (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic aci2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19
Synthesis and evaluation of 3-(dihydroxyboryl)benzoic acids as D,D-carboxypeptidase R39 inhibitors.
AID437824Solubility in sodium phosphate buffer saline of pH 7.22009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19
Synthesis and evaluation of 3-(dihydroxyboryl)benzoic acids as D,D-carboxypeptidase R39 inhibitors.
AID1281384Antagonist activity at recombinant human TRPV1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of capsiacin-induced Ca2+ flux preincubated for 5 mins followed by capsiacin challenge by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Arylboronic acids as dual-action FAAH and TRPV1 ligands.
AID1281383Agonist activity at recombinant human TRPV1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Arylboronic acids as dual-action FAAH and TRPV1 ligands.
AID346656Inhibition of human recombinant MGL2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
Discovery of boronic acids as novel and potent inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase.
AID1862374Potentiation of cefotaxime induced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) expressing pET30a KPC-2C plasmid assessed as increase in clearance zone of inhibition incubated for 16 to 18 hrs by CLSI based disc diffusion assay (Rvb = 18.5 +2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-05, Volume: 240Triazole-substituted phenylboronic acids as tunable lead inhibitors of KPC-2 antibiotic resistance.
AID1799826Enzymatic Protein Activity Assay from Article 10.1002/cbic.201200571: \\Boron-based inhibitors of acyl protein thioesterases 1 and 2.\\2013Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, Jan-02, Volume: 14, Issue:1
Boron-based inhibitors of acyl protein thioesterases 1 and 2.
AID1798637FAAH Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm801051t: \\Discovery of Boronic Acids as Novel and Potent Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase.\\2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
Discovery of boronic acids as novel and potent inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (9)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's4 (44.44)29.6817
2010's4 (44.44)24.3611
2020's1 (11.11)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.19

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.19 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.40 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.59 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.19)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other10 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]