Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
Chondroitin sulfate catabolism is a complex process that involves the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, a major component of cartilage, into smaller fragments that can be further degraded or excreted. The process begins with the degradation of chondroitin sulfate by chondroitin sulfatases, a family of enzymes that remove sulfate groups from the molecule. This step is followed by the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds between the sugar units of chondroitin sulfate by chondroitinases, another family of enzymes. The resulting fragments can be further degraded by other enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase, leading to the production of monosaccharides and disaccharides. These smaller fragments can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted in the urine. Chondroitin sulfate catabolism is regulated by various factors, including growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. The process plays an important role in cartilage turnover and repair, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases such as osteoarthritis. Impaired chondroitin sulfate catabolism can lead to the accumulation of chondroitin sulfate in the cartilage, contributing to the development of osteoarthritis. Conversely, excessive chondroitin sulfate catabolism can lead to cartilage degradation and thinning.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Hyaluronidase-1 | A hyaluronidase-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q12794] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Beta-glucuronidase | A beta-glucuronidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P08236] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta | A beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P07686] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
pyrimethamine | Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds | aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
dehydroepiandrosterone | dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion. | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
methyl methanethiosulfinate | methyl methanethiosulfinate: structure in first source; a metabolite of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide | sulfur oxoacid derivative | |
saccharolactone | D-glucaro-1,4-lactone : A delta-lactone that is D-glucono-1,4-lactone in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acid. saccharolactone: used as index for assessing induction of hepatic enzymes by anticonvulsants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | aldarolactone; delta-lactone | |
2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-d-glucitol | 2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-D-glucitol: structure given in first source | ||
ferulic acid | ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid. | ferulic acids | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite |
2,2'-dihydroxychalcone | 2,2'-dihydroxychalcone: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | ||
caffeic acid | trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid. | caffeic acid | geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
1-[4-[(2-methyl-4-quinolinyl)amino]phenyl]ethanone | aromatic ketone | ||
isoferulic acid | isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring. isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure | ferulic acids | antioxidant; biomarker; metabolite |
kaempferol | 7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite | |
mangiferin | shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source | C-glycosyl compound; xanthones | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
kuwanon g | kuwanon G: a non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (1S-(1alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure given in first source kuwanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the root barks of Morus alba and has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. | resorcinols; tetrahydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite |
rosmarinic acid | (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid. rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project | rosmarinic acid | geroprotector; plant metabolite |
n-acetylglucosamine thiazoline | N-acetylglucosamine thiazoline: an analog of the oxazolinium bicyclic intermediate leading from N-acetylglucosamine to 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid | ||
2',5'-dihydroxychalcone | 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone: structure given in first source | chalcones | |
ginkgolide b | |||
b355252 | |||
2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-quinazolin-4-one | quinazolines | ||
thiamet g |