timosaponin b-ii

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

timosaponin B-II: from Anemarrhenae asphodeloides; improved memory and learning dysfunction induced by cerebral ischemia in rats; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	4483043
CHEBI ID	197122
MeSH ID	M0513828

Synonyms (16)

Synonym
NCGC00180321-01
ACON1_001618
MEGXP0_001327
57944-18-0
CHEBI:197122
melongoside n
2-[4-[16-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
timosaponin b-ii
officinalisinin i
AS-74983
BCP12438
timosaponin bii pound>>prototimosaponin aiii
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[4-[(1r,2s,4s,6r,7s,8r,9s,12s,13s,16s,18r)-16-[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8
AKOS037647840
B0005-465814
B0005-464363

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The protective effect of timosaponin BII on islet β cells under type 2 diabetes was investigated in the glycolipid toxic INS-1 cell model and possible biomarkers were explored by lipidomics analysis."	( Lipidomics Analysis of Timosaponin BII in INS-1 Cells Induced by Glycolipid Toxicity and Its Relationship with Inflammation. Chen, D; Feng, Y; Guo, M; Ren, C; Shi, K; Wang, J; Wu, X; Zhu, J, 2020)	0.56

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"5) in pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and MRT (mean residence time) were obtained."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of timosaponin B-II and timosaponin A-III after oral administration of Zhimu-Baihe herb-pair, Zhimu extract, free timosaponin B-II and free timosaponin A-III to rats. Chai, Y; Chen, X; Ding, X; Dong, X; Li, Y; Liu, Z; Lv, L, 2013)	0.67

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This method was used to examine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of TB-II in rats using ginsenoside Re as an internal standard."	( A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of timosaponin B-II in blood plasma and a study of the pharmacokinetics of saponin in the rat. Cai, F; Chen, W; Gao, S; Sun, L; Yang, Q; Yang, Y, 2008)	0.56
" It has been demonstrated to have a good anti-inflammatory effect and a low bioavailability (1."	( A novel LC-MS/MS method for determination of tissue distribution and excretion of timosaponin B-II in rat biological matrices. Cai, F; Chen, W; Gao, S; Jiang, W; Liu, X; Xu, Z; Zhang, F, 2014)	0.63
"The poor bioavailability of mangiferin (MGF) is a major obstacle on its further development."	( Pharmacokinetics of mangiferin and its metabolite-norathyriol, Part 2: Influence of UGT, CYP450, P-gp, and enterobacteria and the potential interaction in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae decoction with timosaponin B2 as the major contributor. Gao, Y; Guo, X; Hu, P; Huang, C; Li, Z; Lian, S; Ma, Y; Tian, X; Xu, Z, 2016)	0.43

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

Class	Description
steroid saponin	Any saponin derived from a hydroxysteroid.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (38)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	3 (7.89)	29.6817
2010's	26 (68.42)	24.3611
2020's	9 (23.68)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.66

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	11.66 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.66 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	5.33 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.66)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	38 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.07	1	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.57	2	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.25	1	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	7.11	1	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.06	1	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.13	1	xanthene
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	2.11	1	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.53	2	dialdehyde	biomarker
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.07	1	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.13	1	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	2.55	2
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.13	1	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
norathyriol norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source. norathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.	2.13	1	polyphenol; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.11	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
icariin [no description available]	2.13	1	flavonols; glycosyloxyflavone	antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen
beta-escin [no description available]	5.09	38
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.13	1
glycolipids [no description available]	2.25	1
timosaponin aiii timosaponin AIII: nootropic agent from Anemarrhena asphodeloides; structure in first source	8.22	5

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.14	4
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.41	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.14	4
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	7.41	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.53	2
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.53	2
Scurf [description not available]	2.31	1
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	2.31	1
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	2.31	1
Dandruff Excessive shedding of dry scaly material from the scalp in humans.	7.31	1
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.58	2
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.31	1
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.59	2
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	7.31	1
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	7.59	2
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.15	1
Amentia [description not available]	2.49	2
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	2.49	2
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.99	4
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.1	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.76	3
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.11	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.11	1
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.11	1
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.11	1
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.11	1
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.11	1
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.13	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	7.13	1
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.13	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	2.06	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2.06	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	7.03	1
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.03	1
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.03	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.03	1
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.03	1
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.03	1

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