Compounds > sarkolysin
Page last updated: 2024-12-05

sarkolysin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Sarkolysin is a synthetic antineoplastic agent structurally related to the naturally occurring compound sarkomycin. It acts as a potent inhibitor of DNA and RNA synthesis, primarily by blocking the activity of ribonucleotide reductase, a crucial enzyme involved in the production of deoxyribonucleotides essential for DNA replication. This inhibition of DNA synthesis leads to cell cycle arrest and ultimately cell death, making sarkolysin effective against various cancer types. Sarkolysin exhibits cytotoxic activity against tumors, particularly leukemias and lymphomas. While initially investigated for its potential as an anticancer drug, sarkolysin has also been studied for its anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. Its ability to suppress immune responses has led to its exploration as a potential treatment for autoimmune diseases and transplantation rejection. Research on sarkolysin continues to explore its therapeutic potential in diverse clinical settings, focusing on optimizing its delivery, reducing its toxicity, and uncovering new therapeutic applications.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID4053
CHEMBL ID429405
CHEBI ID82339
SCHEMBL ID414671
MeSH IDM0013331

Synonyms (100)

Synonym
sarcolysin
sarcolysine
AC-1327
nsc 14210
AKOS003404808
d-sarcolysin
medfalan
(+)-3-[p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]alanine
cb 3026
d-alanine, 3-(p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl)-
nsc-35051
d-3-[p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]alanine
4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-d-phenylalanine
nsc35051
d-phenylalanine mustard base
[p-di(2-chloroethyl)amino-d-phenyl]alanine
3026 c. b.
wln: qvyz1r dn2g2g -d
NCI60_041947
EU-0100793
LOPAC0_000793
mephalan
at-290
nsc241286
sarcolysinum [inn-latin]
dl-phenylalanine mustard
dl-3-(p-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)alanine
cb-3307 ,
4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-dl-phenylalanine
sarcolisina [inn-spanish]
phenylalanin-lost [german]
merfalan
p-di-(2-chloraethyl)-amino-dl-phenyl-alanin [german]
ccris 376
ai3-25298
alanine, 3-(p-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-, dl-
dl-sarcolysine
sarcolysin [inn]
sarcolysine [inn-french]
dl-phenylalanine, 4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-
sarcoclorin
merphalan
p-di(2-chloroethyl)amino-dl-phenylalanine
dl-sarcolysin
nci-co4944
sarkolysin
3-p-[di(2-chloroethyl)amino] phenyl-l-alanine
nsc 8806
3025 c. b.
wln: qvyz1r dn2g2g-l
p-n-di(chloroethyl)aminophenylalanine
NCGC00094128-03
NCGC00094128-02
NCGC00094128-04
NCGC00094128-01
4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenylalanine
STK396207
NCGC00015653-02
M 2011
NCGC00015653-06
2-amino-3-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]propanoic acid
2-amino-3-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)propanoic acid
531-76-0
C19256
chebi:82339 ,
CHEMBL429405
sarcolysin, dl-
melphalan dl-form
CCG-204877
NCGC00015653-03
NCGC00015653-07
NCGC00015653-04
NCGC00015653-05
smr001456362
MLS003899189
unii-a960m0g5tp
p-di-(2-chloraethyl)-amino-dl-phenyl-alanin
a960m0g5tp ,
phenylalanine, 4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-
sarcolisina
phenylalanin-lost
sarcolysinum
LP00793
sarcolysin [who-dd]
melphalan dl-form [mi]
merphalan [iarc]
HMS3371C10
SCHEMBL414671
2-amino-3-{4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}propionic acid
4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenylalanine, l-
3-p-(di(2-chloroethyl)amino) phenyl-l-alanine
p-bis(.beta.-chloroethyl)aminophenylalanine
ncs-8806
DTXSID9031569
2-amino-3-{4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}propanoic acid
SR-01000075983-1
sr-01000075983
BCP04106
Q27155886
SDCCGSBI-0050770.P002
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
monocarboxylic acidAn oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (36)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.95260.177814.390939.8107AID2147
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.62250.100020.879379.4328AID488773; AID588453; AID588456
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.012610.691788.5700AID887
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.08100.004110.890331.5287AID493106
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.22020.35487.935539.8107AID624146
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.24670.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.50790.180013.557439.8107AID1460; AID1468
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.55210.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.67950.531815.435837.6858AID504845
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.005210.865235.4813AID686970
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.48800.035520.977089.1251AID504332
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency53.581823.934123.934123.9341AID1967
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.00670.006026.168889.1251AID488953
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.01789.637444.6684AID588834
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.51930.133725.412989.1251AID588795
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.12540.125912.234435.4813AID1458
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.98110.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.89130.177824.735279.4328AID488949
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.66510.891312.067628.1838AID1459; AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.98110.011912.222168.7989AID588378
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.98111.000012.224831.6228AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of receptor internalizationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic processAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transportAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (4)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
RNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (9)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi networkAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complexAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (18)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID588378qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347049Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID504836Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation2002The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16
Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588349qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1347045Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347050Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1130920Antitumor activity against mouse B16 cells allografted in ip dosed BDF mouse assessed as 25% increase in life span administered for 9 days1979Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 22, Issue:10
Structure-activity relationship of aniline mustards acting against B-16 melanoma in mice.
AID1130931Antitumor activity against mouse B16 cells allografted in BDF mouse assessed as increase in life span at 4 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days relative to untreated control1979Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 22, Issue:10
Structure-activity relationship of aniline mustards acting against B-16 melanoma in mice.
AID1132027Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells allografted in mouse assessed as dose required to produce T/C of 180% administered for 10 days1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 21, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships in antitumor aniline mustards.
AID1132022Antitumor activity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as dose required to produce T/C of 125% administered for 15 days1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 21, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships in antitumor aniline mustards.
AID1132024Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells allografted in mouse assessed as dose required to produce T/C of 125% administered for 10 days1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 21, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships in antitumor aniline mustards.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (9)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19902 (22.22)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's1 (11.11)29.6817
2010's3 (33.33)24.3611
2020's3 (33.33)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.27

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.27 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.30 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.58 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.27)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other9 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		2.3620aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlornaphazin
chlornaphazin: structure		1.9510naphthalenes
aniline mustard
Aniline Mustard: Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent.		2.3620
4-n-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminobenzoic acid
4-N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminobenzoic acid: structure given in first source		1.9510
phenacid
phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9510
hydroxyaniline mustard
hydroxyaniline mustard: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3620
phenylenediamine mustard
phenylenediamine mustard: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3620
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		01.9510
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9510
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		01.9510
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9510
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		01.9510
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9510
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.2110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.2110
Itching
[description not available]		02.2110
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.2110
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		02.2110