Compounds > glanatec
Page last updated: 2024-11-12

glanatec

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Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID11625386
CHEMBL ID4594454
MeSH IDM000608669

Synonyms (45)

Synonym
K115 ,
k-115
ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (jan)
glanatec (tn)
D10463
glanatec
ripasudil hydrochloride dihydrate
isoquinoline, 4-fluoro-5-(((2s)-hexahydro-2-methyl-1h-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)sulfonyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:2)
ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate
ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate [jan]
ripasudil hydrochloride dihydrate [mi]
887375-67-9
k-115-r
ripasudil hydrochloride dihydrate [who-dd]
016TTR32QF ,
1h-1,4-diazepine, 1-((4-fluoro-5-isoquinolinyl)sulfonyl)hexahydro-2-methyl-, monohydrochloride, dihydrate, (2s)-
S7995
unii-016ttr32qf
CS-3401
AC-30884
HY-15685
k-115 hydrochloride dihydrate
4-fluoro-5-[[(2s)-2-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]sulfonyl]isoquinoline;dihydrate;hydrochloride
AKOS027338678
4-fluoro-5-{[(2s)-2-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}isoquinoline dihydrate hydrochloride
mfcd26960897
(s)-4-fluoro-5-((2-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl)isoquinoline hydrochloride dihydrate
4-fluoro-5-[(2s)-2-methyl-1,4-diazepane-1-sulfonyl]isoquinoline dihydrate hydrochloride
ripasudil(k-115)
ripasudil (k-115) dihydrate
ripasudil hcl dihydrate
887375-67-9 (hcl dihydrate)
ripasudil (k-115) hydrochloride di
ripasudil (k-115)
BCP11082
AMY23739
EX-A3346
CCG-268603
ripasudil monohydrochloride dihydrate
Q27231405
AS-55803
k-115k-115
CHEMBL4594454
(2s)-1-[(4-fluoro-5-isoquinolinyl)sulfonyl]hexahydro-2-methyl-1h-1,4-diazepine monohydrochloride dihydrate;k-115 hydrochloride dihydrate
A900057

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Adding ripasudil to existing glaucoma treatment regimens is effective and safe in reducing IOP, regardless of the number of medications in use."( Efficacy and safety of adding ripasudil to existing treatment regimens for reducing intraocular pressure.
Inoue, K; Ishida, K; Okayama, R; Shiokawa, M; Tomita, G, 2018)		0.48
" We analyzed the median intraocular pressure (IOP) reductions after ripasudil treatment and collected the information on the adverse events that were encountered during the course of this treatment period."( Efficacy and safety of ripasudil, a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, in eyes with uveitic glaucoma.
Katsuyama, A; Kusuhara, S; Matsumiya, W; Nakamura, M, 2018)		0.48
" Two adverse events were observed: rashes on the back and transient conjunctival hyperemia."( Efficacy and safety of ripasudil, a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, in eyes with uveitic glaucoma.
Katsuyama, A; Kusuhara, S; Matsumiya, W; Nakamura, M, 2018)		0.48
"Ripasudil appears to be safe and substantially reduce IOP in eyes with uveitic glaucoma if the eye is a responder."( Efficacy and safety of ripasudil, a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, in eyes with uveitic glaucoma.
Katsuyama, A; Kusuhara, S; Matsumiya, W; Nakamura, M, 2018)		0.48
" Adverse reactions and decreased effectiveness were examined."( Effectiveness and safety of switching from prostaglandin analog monotherapy to prostaglandin/timolol fixed combination therapy or adding ripasudil.
Inoue, K; Ishida, K; Tomita, G, 2018)		0.48
"0%) participants experienced adverse reactions at 1 and 3 months, respectively."( Effectiveness and safety of switching from prostaglandin analog monotherapy to prostaglandin/timolol fixed combination therapy or adding ripasudil.
Inoue, K; Ishida, K; Tomita, G, 2018)		0.48
"Treatment changes involving either switching from a PG analog to PG/timolol fixed combination eye drops or adding ripasudil to PG analog therapy were equally safe and effective in reducing IOP."( Effectiveness and safety of switching from prostaglandin analog monotherapy to prostaglandin/timolol fixed combination therapy or adding ripasudil.
Inoue, K; Ishida, K; Tomita, G, 2018)		0.48
" Data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and IOP were collected and analysed from the first 3 months of ripasudil treatment."( Safety and Efficacy of Ripasudil in Japanese Patients with Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: 3-month Interim Analysis of ROCK-J, a Post-Marketing Surveillance Study.
Gunji, R; Imada, R; Kakuda, T; Kanno, T; Sano, T; Shingaki, W; Tanihara, H, 2019)		0.51
"Ripasudil was safe and effective in the treatment of glaucoma and OH in Japanese patients, with a low incidence of ADRs or treatment discontinuation, and reduced IOP after 3 months of treatment."( Safety and Efficacy of Ripasudil in Japanese Patients with Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: 3-month Interim Analysis of ROCK-J, a Post-Marketing Surveillance Study.
Gunji, R; Imada, R; Kakuda, T; Kanno, T; Sano, T; Shingaki, W; Tanihara, H, 2019)		0.51
"Blepharitis was the most common side effect leading to discontinuation of ripasudil therapy."( Long-term Side Effects Including Blepharitis Leading to Discontinuation of Ripasudil.
Araie, M; Fukushima, A; Kagami, S; Mataki, N; Mishima, K; Saito, H, 2019)		0.51
"The most frequently observed side effect was blepharitis (25."( Long-term Side Effects Including Blepharitis Leading to Discontinuation of Ripasudil.
Araie, M; Fukushima, A; Kagami, S; Mataki, N; Mishima, K; Saito, H, 2019)		0.51
" The key safety outcome was the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), focusing on allergy and/or inflammation-related ADRs such as blepharitis (including allergic) or conjunctivitis (including allergic)."( Safety and efficacy of ripasudil in Japanese patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: 12-month interim analysis of ROCK-J, a post-marketing surveillance study.
Gunji, R; Kakuda, T; Kanno, T; Sano, T; Tanihara, H, 2020)		0.56
"Ripasudil was safe and effective in patients with glaucoma or OH during routine care."( Safety and efficacy of ripasudil in Japanese patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: 12-month interim analysis of ROCK-J, a post-marketing surveillance study.
Gunji, R; Kakuda, T; Kanno, T; Sano, T; Tanihara, H, 2020)		0.56
" The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (including blepharitis, plus assessment of its background factors); the primary efficacy endpoint was change in intraocular pressure (IOP) from baseline to 24 months."( Long-Term Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effects and Adverse Events of Ripasudil in Patients with Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension over 24 Months.
Kakuda, T; Kanno, T; Kurihara, Y; Sano, T; Tanihara, H, 2022)		0.72
"3%) patients experienced adverse drug reactions; the most common were blepharitis (8."( Long-Term Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effects and Adverse Events of Ripasudil in Patients with Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension over 24 Months.
Kakuda, T; Kanno, T; Kurihara, Y; Sano, T; Tanihara, H, 2022)		0.72
"Ripasudil was safe and effective as an antiglaucoma medication with no new safety signals identified and significant reductions in IOP maintained over 24 months of treatment."( Long-Term Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effects and Adverse Events of Ripasudil in Patients with Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension over 24 Months.
Kakuda, T; Kanno, T; Kurihara, Y; Sano, T; Tanihara, H, 2022)		0.72
" The most common adverse event noted was conjunctival hyperemia (22 patients), which was mild and transient."( Safety, efficacy, and patient selection of ripasudil in patients with uncontrolled glaucoma with maximum conventional medical therapy.
Bhagat, P; Jethva, J; Prajapati, K; Tank, G, 2022)		0.72

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" However, no studies have evaluated ripasudil combined with β-blockers and prostaglandin analogues."( Additive Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effects of the Rho Kinase Inhibitor Ripasudil (K-115) Combined With Timolol or Latanoprost: A Report of 2 Randomized Clinical Trials.
Abe, H; Araie, M; Inoue, T; Kuwayama, Y; Suganami, H; Tanihara, H; Yamamoto, T, 2015)		0.42
"These clinical trials found additive IOP-lowering effects of ripasudil from placebo at trough and peak levels in combination with timolol and at peak level in combination with latanoprost."( Additive Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effects of the Rho Kinase Inhibitor Ripasudil (K-115) Combined With Timolol or Latanoprost: A Report of 2 Randomized Clinical Trials.
Abe, H; Araie, M; Inoue, T; Kuwayama, Y; Suganami, H; Tanihara, H; Yamamoto, T, 2015)		0.42

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"02% dosed QD (p."( Phase 3 Clinical Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Netarsudil to Ripasudil in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: Japan Rho Kinase Elevated Intraocular Pressure Treatment Trial (J-ROCKET).
Araie, M; Aso, K; Hollander, DA; Iwata, R; Kanemoto, K; Kopczynski, CC; Senchyna, M; Sugiyama, K, 2023)		0.91
"This study investigated the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, a model of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma, and evaluated the impact of ripasudil (Rip) as a co-delivery or sequential dosing strategy."( The Effects of ROCK Inhibitor on Prevention of Dexamethasone-Induced Glaucoma Phenotype in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.
Debele, TA; Kao, WW; Mount, ZF; Park, YC; Yuan, Y, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Rho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.02140.00020.578010.0000AID1887129
Rho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.06400.00040.854910.0000AID1887128
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (86)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
epithelial to mesenchymal transitionRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
aortic valve morphogenesisRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractionRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell migrationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophyRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of centrosome duplicationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesisRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organizationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell adhesionRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cortical actin cytoskeleton organizationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of nervous system processRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor productionRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activityRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
modulation by host of viral processRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic processRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of keratinocyte differentiationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic processRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome duplicationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of stress fiber assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of stress fiber assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of focal adhesion assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA destabilizationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of biomineral tissue developmentRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to testosterone stimulusRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to transforming growth factor betaRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to plasma membraneRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor productionRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenanceRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein localization to lysosomeRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to hypoxiaRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid-beta formationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to early endosomeRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic processRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of establishment of endothelial barrierRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to acetylcholineRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of connective tissue replacementRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to angiotensinRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of establishment of cell polarityRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell motilityRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
actomyosin structure organizationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cytokinesisRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesisRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell junction assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
Rho protein signal transductionRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial to mesenchymal transitionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
aortic valve morphogenesisRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical constrictionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte cell-cell adhesionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
Rho protein signal transductionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophyRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatase activityRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesisRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane to membrane dockingRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organizationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell adhesionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell migrationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cortical actin cytoskeleton organizationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection developmentRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
bleb assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein bindingRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dephosphorylationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activityRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphorylationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of keratinocyte differentiationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuron differentiationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migrationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte tethering or rollingRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysisRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
myoblast migrationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of stress fiber assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of focal adhesion assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of focal adhesion assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA destabilizationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of biomineral tissue developmentRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organizationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to transforming growth factor betaRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to plasma membraneRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse maturationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
podocyte cell migrationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
motor neuron apoptotic processRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenanceRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection arborizationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearanceRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosisRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of amyloid-beta formationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic processRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of establishment of endothelial barrierRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of connective tissue replacementRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to angiotensinRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of establishment of cell polarityRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell motilityRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic processRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell junction assemblyRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cytokinesisRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesisRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
actomyosin structure organizationRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (14)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protease bindingRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activityRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
structural molecule activityRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
small GTPase bindingRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
tau-protein kinase activityRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activator activityRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activityRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activityRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activityRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activityRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
small GTPase bindingRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
tau-protein kinase activityRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activityRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activityRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (16)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleusRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granuleRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeletonRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmRho-associated protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ruffleRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
centrioleRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeletonRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodiumRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
blebRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumenRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapseRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeletonRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleRho-associated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (15)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1887147Antiglaucoma activity in microspheres induced chronic ocular hypertension C57BL/6J mouse model assessed as reduction in intraocular pressure at 0.2% solution administered via topical instillation for three times per day and measured at 1 to 6 hrs post ins2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887160Antiglaucoma activity in microspheres induced chronic ocular hypertension C57BL/6J mouse model assessed as reduction in intraocular pressure at 0.2% solution administered via topical instillation for three times per day and measured at 4 hrs post instilla2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887130Downregulation of phosphorylated MLC expression in HTM cells at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by Western blotting analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887131Downregulation of MLC expression in HTM cells at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by Western blotting analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887129Inhibition of ROCK2 (unknown origin) using biotin as substrate incubated for 1 hr by HTRF assay2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887141Inhibtion of mitochondrial respiration in HTM cells assessed as oxygen consumption rate by measuring decrease in coupling efficiency at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887159Antiglaucoma activity in microspheres induced chronic ocular hypertension C57BL/6J mouse model assessed as reduction in intraocular pressure at 0.2% solution administered via topical instillation for three times per day and measured at 1 hr post instillat2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887138Inhibtion of mitochondrial respiration in HTM cells assessed as oxygen consumption rate by measuring decrease in basal respiration at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887139Inhibtion of mitochondrial respiration in HTM cells assessed as oxygen consumption rate by measuring decrease in ATP production at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887128Inhibition of ROCK1 (unknown origin) using biotin as substrate incubated for 1 hr by HTRF assay2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887132Effect on MLC expression in HTM cells assessed as reduction in phosphorylated MLC/MLC ratio at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by densitometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887136Induction of reversible F-actin depolymerization in HTM cells assessed as irregular arrangement of fiber bundles at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr and further incubated for 4 hrs in drug free medium by rhodamine phalloidin staining based confocal scanning micro2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887142Inhibtion of mitochondrial respiration in HTM cells assessed as oxygen consumption rate by measuring decrease in proton leak at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887152Ocular toxicity in C57BL/6J mouse assessed as effect on conjunctival hyperemia at 0.2% solution administered via topical instillation and measured at 1 to 4 hrs post instillation2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
AID1887140Inhibtion of mitochondrial respiration in HTM cells assessed as oxygen consumption rate by measuring decrease in maximal respiration at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 65, Issue:17
Identification of Nitric Oxide-Donating Ripasudil Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection Activities.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (104)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's54 (51.92)24.3611
2020's50 (48.08)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 43.71

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index43.71 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.78 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.69 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index78.97 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.42 (0.95)

This Compound (43.71)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials12 (11.32%)5.53%
Reviews10 (9.43%)6.00%
Case Studies5 (4.72%)4.05%
Observational5 (4.72%)0.25%
Other74 (69.81%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
beta-alanine
[no description available]		5.4460amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
glycine
[no description available]		3.0130alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		3.7120isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		4.0630isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		2.4110mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		2.1710pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		4.9522mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		2.151011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
hydrocortisone-17-butyrate
cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group.		2.1710butyrate ester;
cortisol ester;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		dermatologic drug;
drug allergen
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		4.2731timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.1710alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
betamethasone sodium phosphate
betamethasone sodium phosphate: phosphate ester of betamethasone; RN given refers to the di-Na salt (11beta,16beta)-isomer; structure in Negwer,5th ed, 4975. betamethasone sodium phosphate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of betamethasone phosphate.		2.1510organic sodium salt;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate
2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosylisothiocyanate: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.1310
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		2.2510heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		4.1130aromatic amide
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.3110monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alprostadil
[no description available]		2.3110prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.3110monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		6.242isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
oxepins
Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.		3.2510
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		2.2510oligopeptide
brimonidine tartrate
Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		4.9832
butaprost
butaprost: highly selective prostaglandin receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.3110
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.610
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Glaucoma, Suspect
[description not available]		010.353316
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		06.86290
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		011.575815
Ocular Hypertension
A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.		010.353316
Fuch's Endothelial Dystrophy
[description not available]		07.5391
Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy
Disorder caused by loss of endothelium of the central cornea. It is characterized by hyaline endothelial outgrowths on Descemet's membrane, epithelial blisters, reduced vision, and pain.		19.5391
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.85100
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		02.7620
Eye Infections, Viral
Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.		02.7620
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		02.7620
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.7620
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		02.610
Uveitis, Anterior
Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.		02.6620
Corneal Edema
An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.		03.5450
Congestive Ophthalmopathy
[description not available]		02.7220
Graves Ophthalmopathy
An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy.		02.7220
Anasarca
[description not available]		03.0130
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.4110
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		03.0130
Keratoconus
A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4110
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		02.4110
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
[description not available]		010.843916
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelids.		02.9630
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.		010.843916
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		02.4110
Corneal Diseases
Diseases of the cornea.		02.920
Corneal Dystrophies
[description not available]		02.4110
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.610
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		02.610
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		02.6320
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		02.6320
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		05.2652
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		05.2652
Cornea Injuries
[description not available]		03.5520
Corneal Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.		03.5520
Conjunctival Diseases
Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.		04.2731
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.1240
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.1240
Cyclitis, Heterochromic
[description not available]		02.2510
Iridocyclitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil. Symptoms include radiating pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and interference with vision.		02.2510
Cranial Nerve II Injuries
[description not available]		02.2510
Cranial Nerve II Diseases
[description not available]		02.5920
Optic Nerve Diseases
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.		02.5920
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.3110
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.3110
Metastase
[description not available]		02.3110
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.3110
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		02.3110
Uveal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.		02.3110
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.6320
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.6320
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		02.3110
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3110
Retrolental Fibroplasia
[description not available]		04.6211
Retinopathy of Prematurity
A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		04.6211
Exfoliation Glaucoma
[description not available]		02.1510
Exfoliation Syndrome
The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)		02.1510
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.1510
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1510
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		02.1710
Low Tension Glaucoma
A form of glaucoma in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure.		02.1710
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		02.1710
Choked Disk
[description not available]		02.1710
Branch Vein Occlusion
[description not available]		02.1710
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.1710
Papilledema
Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)		02.1710
Retinal Vein Occlusion
Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.		02.1710
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		02.2110
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		02.2110
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid
[description not available]		02.2110
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		02.2110
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		02.2110
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)		02.2110
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		02.1110
Anoxemia
[description not available]		03.0410
Neovascularization, Optic Disc
[description not available]		03.0410
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		03.0410
Retinal Neovascularization
Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.		03.0410
Ocular Hypotension
Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).		02.1510