taribavirin profile

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	451448
CHEMBL ID	2111108
CHEBI ID	134989
SCHEMBL ID	40670
MeSH ID	M0088029

Synonym
icn 3142
prodrug of ribavirin
viramidine
119567-79-2
taribavirin
ribavirin amidine
1-.beta.-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboximidine hydrochloride
ribamidine
nsc627433
1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidine
CHEBI:134989
1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboximidamide
unii-r3b1994k2e
r3b1994k2e ,
1h-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboximidamide, 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-
taribavirin [inn]
1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboximidine
taribavirin [mi]
taribavirin [who-dd]
SCHEMBL40670
CHEMBL2111108
1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1h-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboximidamide
DTXSID80894181
HY-10545
taribavirin free base
DB06408
1-((2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboximidamide
Q7686009
CS-0002635
R1Y ,
AKOS040742679

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" There were no serious adverse events, and most adverse events were mild."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of viramidine, a prodrug of ribavirin, in healthy volunteers. Lin, CC; Philips, L; Xu, C; Yeh, LT, 2004)	0.32
" Adverse event rates were similar between groups except for diarrhea (viramidine 29."	( Safety and efficacy of viramidine versus ribavirin in ViSER2: randomized, double-blind study in therapy-naive hepatitis C patients. Chun, E; Gish, RG; Gitlin, N; Halliman, DG; Heise, J; Marcellin, P; Rodriguez-Torres, M, 2010)	0.36

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The current study was carried out to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of viramidine and ribavirin in patients (n = 8 per dose group) with compensated hepatitis C infection following oral dosing of viramidine (400, 600, or 800 mg bid for 4 weeks)."	( Ascending multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of viramidine, a prodrug of ribavirin, in adult subjects with compensated hepatitis C infection. Aora, S; Gish, R; Lau, D; Lin, CC; Peterson, J; Rossi, S; Teng, A; Xu, C; Yeh, LT, 2005)	0.33

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" ribavirin combined with pegylated interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)."	( Virological response and safety outcomes in therapy-nai ve patients treated for chronic hepatitis C with taribavirin or ribavirin in combination with pegylated interferon alfa-2a: a randomized, phase 2 study. Arora, S; Gish, RG; Murphy, B; Nelson, DR; O'Brien, C; Rajender Reddy, K; Xu, Y, 2007)	0.34

Dosage Studied

Weight-based dosing of taribavirin at 25 mg/kg demonstrates lower rates of hemolytic anemia with comparable rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) A recent Phase II trial investigating early and sustained virological response showed no statistically significant differences between ribavirin 1000/1200 mg and taribAvirin at 800-, 1200-, or 1600-mg dosing.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The imidates 4 and 6 differed greatly in solubility and dosing requirements."	( Synthesis and antitumor activity of ribavirin imidates. A new facile synthesis of ribavirin amidine (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidine hydrochloride). Avery, TL; Kini, GD; Robins, RK, 1989)	0.28
" In a whole body autoradiography study in rats following oral dosing (30 mg/kg) of [14C]ribavirin or [14C]viramidine to monkeys, viramidine produced 32% higher radioactivity in the liver than ribavirin, indicating a better liver-targeting properties."	( Viramidine, a prodrug of ribavirin, shows better liver-targeting properties and safety profiles than ribavirin in animals. Hong, Z; Lin, CC; Vitarella, D; Yeh, LT, 2003)	0.32
" Rats were dosed orally with 120 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of ribavirin and viramidine and 2000 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of levovirin for 8 days."	( Effect of ribavirin, levovirin and viramidine on liver toxicological gene expression in rats. Fang, C; Lin, CC; Srivastava, P, )	0.13
" Viramidine dosing yielded 50% higher ribavirin levels in the monkey liver but only half in plasma and red blood cells compared to ribavirin dosing."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of viramidine, a prodrug of ribavirin, in healthy volunteers. Lin, CC; Philips, L; Xu, C; Yeh, LT, 2004)	0.32
" In the 1-month study in rats, viramidine or ribavirin dosing at 120 mg/kg/day reduced Hgb concentrations (12-16% and 13-20% compared to controls, respectively) and caused slight erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow."	( Viramidine demonstrates better safety than ribavirin in monkeys but not rats. Dadgostari, S; Lin, CC; Vitarella, D; Xu, C; Yeh, LT, 2004)	0.32
"The current study was carried out to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of viramidine and ribavirin in patients (n = 8 per dose group) with compensated hepatitis C infection following oral dosing of viramidine (400, 600, or 800 mg bid for 4 weeks)."	( Ascending multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of viramidine, a prodrug of ribavirin, in adult subjects with compensated hepatitis C infection. Aora, S; Gish, R; Lau, D; Lin, CC; Peterson, J; Rossi, S; Teng, A; Xu, C; Yeh, LT, 2005)	0.33
" The method has been used to simultaneously determine the total concentrations of ribavirin and viramidine in monkey RBC following 5, 15, and 36 weeks dosing of viramidine or ribavirin (60 mg/kg)."	( LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of viramidine and ribavirin levels in monkey red blood cells. Bu, W; Dadgostari, S; Lin, CC; Nguyen, M; Yeh, LT, 2007)	0.34
" A recent Phase II trial investigating early and sustained virological response showed no statistically significant differences between ribavirin 1000/1200 mg and taribavirin at 800-, 1200-, or 1600-mg dosing, while illustrating a lesser degree of anemia in 800- and 1200-mg dosing of taribavirin."	( Taribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Kearney, KR; Navarro, VJ; Thornton, JJ, 2008)	0.35
" These results suggest fixed-dose VRD given 600 mg BID is insufficient to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C; a weight-based dosing trial of viramidine is currently under way."	( A phase III study of the safety and efficacy of viramidine versus ribavirin in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C: ViSER1 results. Afdhal, NH; Benhamou, Y; Chun, E; Halliman, DG; Heise, J; Nelson, DR; Pockros, PJ; Shiffman, ML, 2009)	0.35
" Determination of a viramidine dosage that would yield superior efficacy over ribavirin is needed."	( Safety and efficacy of viramidine versus ribavirin in ViSER2: randomized, double-blind study in therapy-naive hepatitis C patients. Chun, E; Gish, RG; Gitlin, N; Halliman, DG; Heise, J; Marcellin, P; Rodriguez-Torres, M, 2010)	0.36
" The study aimed to determine if weight-based dosing of taribavirin (TBV), an oral prodrug of ribavirin (RBV), demonstrated efficacy comparable to RBV while maintaining its previously demonstrated anemia advantage with fixed dose administration."	( Virologic response rates of weight-based taribavirin versus ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Bacon, BR; Chun, E; Halliman, D; Hammond, J; Hassanein, T; Heise, J; Lawitz, E; Muir, AJ; Poordad, F; Shiffman, ML, 2010)	0.36
" The literature suggests that weight-based dosing of taribavirin at 25 mg/kg demonstrates lower rates of hemolytic anemia with comparable rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) and is the optimum dose for further studies comparing the efficacy of taribavirin with weight-based dosing of ribavirin."	( Taribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis C. Arora, S; Deming, P, 2011)	0.37
" The dosing strategy of taribavirin favors concentration within the liver to reduce treatment-limiting rates of anemia but may be insufficient to prevent virologic relapse."	( Taribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis C. Arora, S; Deming, P, 2011)	0.37
"Therapy-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 (G1) were randomised to receive (i) TBV 600 mg BID monotherapy for 4 weeks followed by combination therapy with PIFN [pre-dosing arm (n = 23)] or (ii) TBV administered concurrently with PIFN [standard dosing arm (n = 19)]."	( Randomised clinical trial: pre-dosing with taribavirin before starting pegylated interferon vs. standard combination regimen in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. Palmer, M; Rubin, R; Rustgi, V, 2012)	0.38
" the standard dosing arm [33% vs."	( Randomised clinical trial: pre-dosing with taribavirin before starting pegylated interferon vs. standard combination regimen in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. Palmer, M; Rubin, R; Rustgi, V, 2012)	0.38

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
nucleobase-containing molecular entity	Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID199875	Virus rating against rhinovirus type 1A	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4	Analysis of the in vitro antiviral activity of certain ribonucleosides against parainfluenza virus using a novel computer aided receptor modeling procedure.
AID155596	Virus rating against parainfluenza virus type 3	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4	Analysis of the in vitro antiviral activity of certain ribonucleosides against parainfluenza virus using a novel computer aided receptor modeling procedure.
AID87045	Virus rating of against herpes simplex virus type 2	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4	Analysis of the in vitro antiviral activity of certain ribonucleosides against parainfluenza virus using a novel computer aided receptor modeling procedure.
AID34142	Virus rating against adenovirus type 2	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4	Analysis of the in vitro antiviral activity of certain ribonucleosides against parainfluenza virus using a novel computer aided receptor modeling procedure.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	4 (7.69)	18.7374
1990's	2 (3.85)	18.2507
2000's	35 (67.31)	29.6817
2010's	9 (17.31)	24.3611
2020's	2 (3.85)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	7 (12.73%)	5.53%
Reviews	12 (21.82%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	36 (65.45%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Phase 2 Comparison of Weight-based Doses of Taribavirin Combined With Peginterferon Alfa-2b Versus Ribavirin Combined With Peginterferon Alfa-2b in Therapy-naïve Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection [NCT00446134]	Phase 2	278 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Viramidine to Ribavirin in Treatment-Naive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C [NCT00230958]	Phase 3	900 participants	Interventional	2003-12-31	Completed
Analysis of Hepatitis C Viral Kinetics and Viramidine Pharmacokinetics Utilizing Two Treatment Regimens in Therapy-Naive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C [NCT00305383]	Phase 2	100 participants	Interventional	2005-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Dose levels were determined to be subtherapeutic)
Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Viramidine to Ribavirin in Treatment-Naive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C [NCT00093093]	Phase 3	900 participants	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00446134 (4) [back to overview]	Patients With Anemia (Hemoglobin <10 g/dL) Up to Follow-up Week 24
NCT00446134 (4) [back to overview]	Relapsers at Follow-Up Visit 24
NCT00446134 (4) [back to overview]	Patients With Either Undetectable Serum HCV RNA (<100 Copies/ml) or at Least a 2-log Decrease From Baseline in Serum Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) at Treatment Week 12.
NCT00446134 (4) [back to overview]	Patients With Undetected Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) (<100 Copies/mL) at Treatment Week Follow-Up 24

Patients With Anemia (Hemoglobin <10 g/dL) Up to Follow-up Week 24

The primary safety endpoint will be the numbers of patients with hemoglobin <10 g/dL (anemia) at any time during the treatment period. The comparison of anemia rates between taribavirin and ribavirin groups will be carried out using the Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test. The 95% confidence interval of the difference in proportion will be analyzed. (NCT00446134)
Timeframe: Treatment Week Follow-Up 24

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Taribavirin 20 mg/kg/Day	11
Taribavirin 25 mg/kg/Day	11
Taribavirin 30 mg/kg/Day	19
Ribavirin 800 mg/Day	23

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Relapsers at Follow-Up Visit 24

Includes patients who had undetectable Hepatitis Virus C (HVC) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) at their last visit on drug. (NCT00446134)
Timeframe: Follow-Up Week 24

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Taribavirin 20 mg/kg/Day	10
Taribavirin 25 mg/kg/Day	5
Taribavirin 30 mg/kg/Day	3
Ribavirin 800 mg/Day	5

[back to top]

Patients With Either Undetectable Serum HCV RNA (<100 Copies/ml) or at Least a 2-log Decrease From Baseline in Serum Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) at Treatment Week 12.

The primary efficacy endpoint was the numbers of responders at Treatment Week (TW) 12. Responders are defined as patients achieving either viral negativity or a partial response (PR). Viral negativity is defined as <100 copies/mL serum HCV RNA. A PR is defined as < 100 copies/mL serum HCV RNA and at least a 2-log decrease from baseline in serum HCV RNA levels. Responder rates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated for each treatment group. (NCT00446134)
Timeframe: Treatment Week 12

,,,

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Early Virologic Response (EVR) (less than 100)	No EVR (non-responder, Total)	Detectable (greater than 100 copies/mL at TW 12)	Discontinued (Prior to TW 12)	Missing (No value at TW 12)
Ribavirin 800 mg/Day	36	34	19	15	0
Taribavirin 20 mg/kg/Day	43	24	17	7	0
Taribavirin 25 mg/kg/Day	40	30	17	12	1
Taribavirin 30 mg/kg/Day	37	31	21	10	0

[back to top]

Patients With Undetected Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) (<100 Copies/mL) at Treatment Week Follow-Up 24

(NCT00446134)
Timeframe: Treatment Week Follow-Up 24

,,,

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Responder Follow-Up Week 24	Non-Responder Follow-Up Week 24	Detectable HCV RNA Follow-Up Week 24	Discontinued Week Follow-Up Week 24
Ribavirin 800 mg/Day	19	51	14	37
Taribavirin 20 mg/kg/Day	19	48	14	34
Taribavirin 25 mg/kg/Day	19	51	15	36
Taribavirin 30 mg/kg/Day	19	49	16	33

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Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	3.13	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino-acid anion
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	3.53	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.07	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	7.17	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.	2.03	1	0
azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.	2.02	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.25	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylthioinosine Methylthioinosine: 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position.	1.97	1	0	purine ribonucleoside; thiopurine
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.02	1	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	12.42	51	7	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	3.13	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
lamivudine [no description available]	3.13	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.02	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.05	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
selenazofurin selenazofurin: selenazole analog of tiazofurin	2.4	2	0
3-deazaguanosine 3-deazaguanosine: structure	1.97	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	3.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vx 497 N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	3.13	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	2.03	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.44	2	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
formycin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	formycin	antineoplastic agent
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.03	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.39	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
glycosides [no description available]	2	1	0
telaprevir [no description available]	3.54	2	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	2.03	1	0
valopicitabine valopicitabine: prodrug of 2'-C-methylcytidine; an anti-hepatitis C virus agent; structure in first source	3.53	2	0
levovirin valinate hydrochloride levovirin valinate hydrochloride: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	4.04	2	0
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	2.38	2	0
mannans [no description available]	2.02	1	0
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	3.13	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	3.13	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
7-deazainosine [no description available]	1.97	1	0
formycins Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.	1.95	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.85	3	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	2.85	3	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	2.85	3	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	2.85	3	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	7.61	2	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	2.61	2	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	0	9.62	13	5
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	0	6.94	6	2
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	1	11.62	13	5
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	0	6.37	5	1
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	0	7.73	12	1
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	0	6.37	5	1
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	0	12.73	12	1
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	3.44	1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	4.74	2	1
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	2.07	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	0	2.02	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	0	2.42	2	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	3.82	2	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	2.94	1	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	3.82	2	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	2.02	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.03	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	2.94	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	2.94	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	3.42	1	1
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	3.42	1	1
Hemorrhagic Fever, American Diseases caused by American hemorrhagic fever viruses (ARENAVIRUSES, NEW WORLD).	0	1.98	1	0
Bunyaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the BUNYAVIRIDAE.	0	2.38	2	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	0	1.97	1	0

taribavirin

Cross-References

Synonyms (31)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (4)

Research

Studies (52)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Patients With Anemia (Hemoglobin <10 g/dL) Up to Follow-up Week 24

Relapsers at Follow-Up Visit 24

Patients With Either Undetectable Serum HCV RNA (<100 Copies/ml) or at Least a 2-log Decrease From Baseline in Serum Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) at Treatment Week 12.

Patients With Undetected Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) (<100 Copies/mL) at Treatment Week Follow-Up 24

taribavirin

Cross-References

Synonyms (31)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (4)

Research

Studies (52)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Patients With Anemia (Hemoglobin <10 g/dL) Up to Follow-up Week 24

Relapsers at Follow-Up Visit 24

Patients With Either Undetectable Serum HCV RNA (<100 Copies/ml) or at Least a 2-log Decrease From Baseline in Serum Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) at Treatment Week 12.

Patients With Undetected Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) (<100 Copies/mL) at Treatment Week Follow-Up 24

Related Drugs (39)

Related Conditions (40)